Maintaining biodiversity in managed forests in the face of multiple ecosystem stressors

面对多种生态系统压力，维持管理森林的生物多样性

基本信息

批准号：
RGPIN-2020-06494
负责人：
Work, Timothy
金额：
$ 2.04万
依托单位：
Université du Québec à Montréal
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765242
关键词：
Maintaining biodiversity managed forests face

项目摘要

Increasing stress from invasive species and climate change will likely be major contributors to biodiversity decline in managed forests. Recovery and long-term persistence of biodiversity will likely only occur through 1) `habitat rescue' (HR) where forest resilience and returning habitat quality are sufficient to maintain positive growth of resident species or 2) an `evolutionary rescue' (ER) whereby external stressors provoke rapid evolution in life history traits that promote fitness and maintain positive population growth. In this proposal, I provide a comprehensive research program that will detail how HR and ER affect biodiversity in managed forests and how HR/ER can be integrated into land-use strategies meant to adapt/transition forests under global change. I have proposed an ambitious series of field experiments/studies that will validate recovery rate of biodiversity through HR and test key assumptions of ER. These experiments will be conducted within a network of ecosystem management studies in Eastern Canada where I have measured biodiversity response of >100 species of ground beetles over the last two decades. These studies build on long-term studies that I have pioneered and employ rigorous, manipulative field experiments required to identify the relative importance of local recruitment/rapid evolution vs regional dynamics governed by dispersal. A unique aspect of this project is a retrospective study of life-history trade-offs in fecundity and dispersal capacity that will be quantified by dissection of preserved ground beetles collected over 20 years. This experiment will allow us to observe any changes in life-history traits related to HR and ER - as they happened. Together these studies will serve to 1) characterize speed of HR, 2) evaluate changes in life history traits in local populations resultant from HR/ER, 3) identify the relevance of regional process like dispersal for HR/ER, 4) evaluate direct and indirect effects of invasive species, 5) integrate effects of HR/ER/climate change on long-term biodiversity response to predict future `bioscapes' under adaptive silvicultural strategies for global change and other land-use scenarios developed through consultation with diverse stakeholders including first nations and rural communities. This research program will provide land-managers and policy makers with quantitative time-tables for recovery of biodiversity. Demonstration of ER in natural communities in managed forest ecosystems would present an entirely new set of strategies to conserve and possibly use forest management to transition biodiversity to future forest landscapes. This constitutes `adaptive forest management' in the most literal sense. It will also predict future `bioscapes' that can be used to assess adaptive silvicultural strategies for climate change as well and more inclusive management scenarios developed with a wider range of stakeholders such as first nations and rural communities.

侵入性物种和气候变化的压力增加可能是导致托管森林生物多样性下降的主要因素。生物多样性的恢复和长期持久性可能只会通过1）“栖息地救援”（HR）发生，其中森林的弹性和返回的栖息地质量足以维持居民物种的正增长或2）“进化救援”（ER）（ER），外部压力剂在其生命历史特征中会促进生命历史的快速进化特征，从而促进适应性和维持阳性人群的增长。在此提案中，我提供了一项全面的研究计划，该计划将详细介绍人力资源和ER如何影响托管森林中的生物多样性，以及如何将人力资源/ER整合到土地使用策略中，以适应全球变化下的森林。我提出了一系列雄心勃勃的现场实验/研究，该研究将通过HR验证生物多样性的恢复率，并测试ER的关键假设。这些实验将在加拿大东部的生态系统管理研究网络中进行，在过去的二十年中，我测量了> 100种地面甲虫的生物多样性响应。这些研究基于我已经开创并采用了严格的操纵现场实验的长期研究，以确定当地招聘/快速进化的相对重要性与受分散控制的区域动力学的相对重要性。该项目的一个独特方面是对生命历史折衷的回顾性研究，该研究将通过在20年内收集的保存的地面甲虫进行解剖来量化。该实验将使我们能够观察到与人力资源和ER相关的生活历史特征的任何变化。这些研究将共同为1）表征人力资源的速度，2）评估由人力资源/ER产生的当地人群的变化，3）确定区域过程（例如分布人HR/ER）的相关性，4）评估入侵物种的直接和间接效应，5）5）对于长期的生物响应，预测了未来的生物量，以预测未来的生物效应，以预测未来的生物效应。全球变化和其他土地利用方案是通过与包括原住民和农村社区在内的各种利益相关者进行磋商而发展的。该研究计划将为土地经理和政策制定者提供定量的时间表，以恢复生物多样性。托管森林生态系统中自然社区中急诊室的演示将提出一套全新的策略，以保护并可能利用森林管理将生物多样性转变为未来的森林景观。这在最字面的意义上构成了“自适应森林管理”。它还将预测可用于评估气候变化的适应性造林策略的未来“生物镜头”，以及具有更广泛的利益相关者（例如原住民和农村社区）开发的更具包容性的管理场景。