Biodiversity impacts of natural and managed ecosystems in the Anthropocene

人类世自然和管理生态系统的生物多样性影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-05262
• 负责人: Khasa, Damase
• 金额: $ 2.84万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765395
• 关键词: Biodiversity; impacts; natural; managed; ecosystems

In human dominated ecosystems, biodiversity is severely threatened by anthropogenic disturbances that are mainly related to agriculture, forest and mining activities, urbanization, and the introduction of invasive alien species (IAS). The long term objective and vision of my research program is to gain a thorough understanding of biodiversity impacts of natural and managed ecosystems and the sustainable use of biodiversity in the context of accelerated global change. For the next 5 years, I will continue to evaluate the biodiversity impacts of some anthropogenic activities, such as mining and IAS introductions, using natural ecosystems as baselines, on severely disturbed ecosystems. I will study organisms, populations and communities through omics approaches to gain insights into: (1) how plant species, with their diversified symbionts, can establish and grow directly in mine tailings or become invasive; (2) how they tolerate, degrade, stabilize or store heavy metals and other pollutants; and (3) how ecosystem successional processes and trajectories can be predicted into the future. The short term objectives are to:(1) analyze the rhizomicrobiomes of two model plant species (the pioneer boreal species Alnus viridis subsp. Crispa and the invasive cosmopolitan Phragmites australis); (2) examine the role of symbiotic modulation plant holobionts in plant adaptation to environmental stresses and ecological amplitude; (3) elucidate the ecological functions of bioactive secondary metabolites using a metabolomics approach; and (4) develop spatially explicit individual based simulation models and statistical ecogenomic methods. I will use high throughput sequencing metagenomics approaches to untangle the rhizomicrobiomes of these model species. Metaphenomics approaches will be used to determine the functions being carried out by viable and active cells under given environmental conditions. Phenomics data will be collected from plant holobionts in manipulated controlled experiments. Bioactive metabolites that are related to stress resistance mechanisms will be isolated, and their roles and structures elucidated. Combined bioinformatics and machine learning (ML) algorithms will be used to decipher plant adaptation mechanisms and improve simulation models for predicting ecosystem successional processes and trajectories. This research program will contribute to improved understanding of ecosystem function and environmental sustainability and provide the necessary scientifically sound background information for making informed decisions regarding fine scale biodiversity conservation and its sustainable use. In collaboration with several universities in the North and the South, this research program will take into account the principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) to ensure excellence in research and training of highly qualified personnel, while ensuring equal opportunities for all groups in these new research areas of metagenomics and phenomics.

在人类统治的生态系统中，生物多样性受到主要与农业，森林和采矿活动，城市化以及引入侵入性外星物种（IAS）引入的人为障碍的严重威胁。我的研究计划的长期目标和愿景是彻底了解自然和托管生态系统的生物多样性影响以及在加速全球变化的背景下生物多样性的可持续使用。在接下来的5年中，我将继续评估某些人为活动的生物多样性影响，例如采矿和IAS引入，使用天然生态系统作为基准，对严重干扰的生态系统。我将通过OMICS方法来研究生物，人群和社区，以了解：（1）植物物种及其多样化的共生体如何直接建立和生长在矿山尾矿中或变得侵入性； （2）它们如何耐受，降解，稳定或存储重金属和其他污染物； （3）如何将生态系统的演奏过程和轨迹预测到未来。短期目标是：（1）分析两种模型植物物种的根瘤菌（先锋北方物种Alnus viridissubsp。Crispa和Invasive Cosmopolitan phragmites australis）； （2）检查共生调制植物霍洛皮特人在植物适应环境应力和生态振幅中的作用； （3）使用代谢组学方法阐明生物活性次级代谢产物的生态功能； （4）开发基于空间的基于单个的模拟模型和统计生态学方法。我将使用高吞吐量测序方法来解开这些模型物种的根瘤菌。隐态学方法将用于确定在给定环境条件下可行和活性细胞执行的功能。现象学数据将从受控的受控实验中从植物霍洛比特植物中收集。将分离与应力抗性机制有关的生物活性代谢产物，其作用和结构阐明了。合并的生物信息学和机器学习（ML）算法将用于破译植物适应机制，并改善模拟模型，以预测生态系统的演讲过程和轨迹。该研究计划将有助于改善对生态系统功能和环境可持续性的了解，并提供必要的科学背景信息，以做出有关精细规模生物多样性保护及其可持续使用的明智决定。与北部和南部的几所大学合作，该研究计划将考虑公平，多样性和包容性（EDI）的原则，以确保对高素质人员的研究和培训卓越，同时确保在这些新研究领域的元素学和现象学领域中所有群体平等的机会。