嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类繁殖策略演化及其生态适应

The reproductive strategies of different species are relatively stable, which are determined by both external environment and internal factors, and diverse reproductive strategies are an important ways for organisms to adapt various environmental change. The origin, evolution and adaptation of reproductive strategy, is not only the eternal pursuit of evolutionary biologists and ecologists, but also the basic needs for making management policies and improving enhancing management benefit. The Jialing River is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River, in terms of watershed area, is the important fish germplasm resource bank in the upper reaches of Yangtze River, and is also the one of the key regions of the species diversity in the world. The gudgeons (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Gobioninae) are generally small to medium-sized fishes, and present diverse morphological, ecological and reproductive traits. Facing the great changes of aquatic ecological environment in recent decades, the gudgeons from the Jialing River with different reproductive strategies are encountering the contrasting fate. Some fishes, such as Coreius guichenoti, Rhinogobio cylindricus, with sharply population declining have become the endangered species. However, the others, like Pseudorasbora parva, with wide-ranging ecological adaptations, have established itself as an invasive pest species in many parts of Europe, Central Eurasia and North Africa. So far, we have little knowledge for understanding these key issues, such as the characteristic, pattern and evolution of reproductive strategies and its ecological adaptation and so on. Thus, we choose the gudgeons from Jialing River as our research objects, firstly to rebuild the Phylogeny of the gudgeons from the Jialing River by using multi gene association analysis; secondary to analysis the tempo, evolution and its ecological adaptation of the reproductive strategies of the gudgeons from the Jialing River, combined with comparative ecology and phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs); and finally to explore the difference of response for the gudgeons meeting the aquatic ecological environment based on the results of the Population Viability Analysis. Our results can not only provide the important theories value for revealing the evolution of reproductive strategies of East Asian endemic with the gudgeons from the Jialing River as the representatives, and understanding its ecological significance, but also give the guidelines for protecting endangered species and controlling invasive species.

多样的繁殖策略是生物适应不同生境的重要手段，具有明显的种间差异。嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类是一群营淡水生活的中小型鱼类，其形态、生态和繁殖行为呈现出极其丰富的多样性。近几十年来，面对水环境变化，拥有不同繁殖策略的嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类呈现出不同的种群命运，有的物种亟需保护，有的广泛适应，成为多地外来入侵种。但目前关嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类繁殖策略的特征、格局、演化规律，以及生态适应性等关键问题仍缺乏系统研究。本项目选取嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类为研究对象，重建鮈亚科鱼类的系统发育格局，分析嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类多样繁殖策略的演化规律及生态适应，探讨其面对水环境变化的差异性响应。研究结果对于揭示以鮈亚科鱼类为代表的东亚特有鱼类多样繁殖策略的演化，理解其生态学意义具有重要理论价值，同时也能为濒危物种保护和外来入侵物种防控提供针对性的建议。

多样的繁殖策略是生物适应不同生境的重要手段，具有明显的种间差异。嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类是一群营淡水生活的中小型鱼类，其形态、生态和繁殖行为呈现出极其丰富的多样性。近几十年来，面对水环境变化，拥有不同繁殖策略的嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类呈现出不同的种群命运，有的物种亟需保护，有的广泛适应，成为多地外来入侵种。但目前关嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类繁殖策略的特征、格局、演化规律，以及生态适应性等关键问题仍缺乏系统研究。本项目选取嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类为研究对象，重建鮈亚科鱼类的系统发育格局，分析嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类多样繁殖策略的演化规律及生态适应，探讨其面对水环境变化的差异性响应。研究结果显示：.：（1）嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类可划分为4个谱系即䱻属-银鮈属谱系、铜鱼属谱系、鮈族和鳈族。其中䱻属-银鮈属谱系位于系统发育树基部的位置，铜鱼属是单独划分出来的谱系，与鮈族、鳈族成员一起形成姐妹群关系；鮈族与鳈族处于较进化的位置，两个谱系之间互为姐妹群；另外，片唇鮈属与小鳔鮈属、琵琶鮈属共同组成单系群，吻鮈属与似刺鳊鮈、鳈属形成姐妹群；（2）鮈亚科鱼类的繁殖策略表现出丰富的多样性，即不同种类在性成熟年龄、繁殖期、产卵类型、第二性征、产卵批次、卵径、相对繁殖力、外部形态特征、两性异形等上存在现状差异；（3）在所选择的26个繁殖特征中，恢复力、种群大小、性成熟年龄、产卵类型、鱼卵类型、第二性征等共12特征具有强烈的系统发育信号；嘉陵江鮈亚科鱼类的种群大小与鱼卵类型、性成熟年龄等繁殖特征呈现显著相关性；（4）当前嘉陵江拘押可鱼类种群资源均呈现出过度开发的情况，且表现出鱼类小型化的趋势。（5）鮈亚科鱼类平均最小可存活种群大小为90，性成熟年龄与、世代时间与最小可存活种群大小均呈现出明显的正相关关系；（6）种群生存力分析结果表明，嘉陵江流域鮈亚科鱼类的开发率与种群增长率呈现出线性负相关。在嘉陵江为期十年禁渔的新政策形式下，通过种群生存力分析预测，鮈亚科部分鱼类种群也将快速恢复。

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