Optimizing water management for increasing production while conserving water and nutrients within agricultural lands

优化水管理以提高产量，同时保护农田内的水和养分

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04135
• 负责人: SriRanjan, Ramanathan
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=746307
• 关键词: Optimizing; water; management; increasing; production

Irrigated high-value crop production is expanding in Southern Manitoba, where salinization from poor quality groundwater has been a significant concern. Wherever irrigation water is applied to crops, they take up the water for evapotranspiration and leave behind the salts which accumulate within the root zone over time and alter the physical properties. Generally, clay particles tend to disperse in the presence of sodium ions in the salts, leading to the destruction of the soil structure, which renders the soil unproductive. Drainage systems are needed to remove the excess water applied to leach the salts below the root zone. However, conventional drainage systems may also over-drain the field, removing valuable nutrients and water. The exported nutrients from the field can affect the water quality of rivers and lakes downstream. Controlled drainage has been used to overcome this shortcoming. My NSERC-funded research conducted in well-designed and replicated large-scale field experiments in Winkler, MB, helped introduce controlled drainage/subirrigation as a practice for the first time in Manitoba. This research indicated that irrigation and drainage systems significantly improved yield by 30% in potatoes and 15% in corn, contributing to a boom in drainage installations. However, significant nutrient outflows were observed during the spring snowmelt period as well as during high-intensity rainfall. Controlled drainage was shown to decrease the nutrient outflow by 80 to 90% compared to conventional drainage. Therefore, holding the water back within the root zone during the spring snowmelt period and after high-intensity rainfall was a best management practice (BMP) to minimize nutrient export from the field. However, this practice may negatively impact soil trafficability due to high water tables during the spring. The proposed research will allow us to collect field data and create computer models that can assess the impact of different water management strategies. This research will help develop protocols for managing controlled drainage to optimize water management in the field. In the short term, soil physical properties will be measured in several farms planning to install tile drains with inline drainage control structures providing the ability to subirrigate. This data will be used to create computer models of individual farms and calibrate and validate the models. The validated models will develop an optimized operational plan to manage the water and nutrients within the field. The long-term objective of this research program is to establish protocols to optimize farm water management through controlled drainage and irrigation to conserve water and nutrients within the field and protect the soil and water resources for the long term. Developing a web-based water and nutrient management tool will significantly assist farmers in managing the water and nutrients to get a better return while protecting the environment.

曼尼托巴省南部灌溉高价值作物的产量正在扩大，那里的质量较差的地下水是一个重大问题。无论将灌溉水施加到农作物上，它们都会占用水以进行蒸发，并留下随着时间的推移积聚在根部区域内并改变物理特性的盐。通常，粘土颗粒倾向于在盐中存在钠离子的情况下分散，从而导致土壤结构破坏，从而使土壤变得无生产。需要排水系统来去除用于浸出根区域以下的盐的多余水。但是，传统的排水系统也可能会使该领域过度耗尽，从而消除了有价值的营养和水。来自田间的出口营养物质会影响下游河流和湖泊的水质。受控排水已被用来克服这一缺点。 我的NSERC资助研究在MB的Winkler中进行了精心设计和复制的大规模现场实验，这有助于引入受控的排水/亚灌溉，作为在曼尼托巴省的第一次实践。这项研究表明，灌溉和排水系统在土豆中显着提高了30％的产量和15％的玉米，这导致了排水装置的繁荣。然而，在春季融雪期以及高强度降雨期间观察到大量的营养流出。与常规排水相比，受控排水可将营养流出量减少80％至90％。因此，在春季融雪期间和高强度降雨之后，将水靠在根部区域内是最佳的管理实践（BMP），以最大程度地减少从田间的营养出口。但是，这种做法可能会对春季高水位桌子引起的土壤流量产生负面影响。拟议的研究将使我们能够收集现场数据并创建可以评估不同水管理策略的影响的计算机模型。这项研究将有助于开发管理控制排水的协议，以优化现场的水管理。 在短期内，将在几个农场中测量土壤物理特性，计划安装瓷砖排水管，并具有在线排水控制结构，从而提供了尺寸的能力。这些数据将用于创建单个农场的计算机模型并校准和验证模型。经过验证的模型将制定一项优化的操作计划，以管理现场的水和养分。该研究计划的长期目标是建立协议，以通过控制的排水和灌溉来优化农场水管理，从而在田间保存水和养分，并长期保护土壤和水资源。开发基于网络的水和营养管理工具将大大帮助农民管理水和养分，以在保护环境的同时获得更好的回报。