Optimizing water management for sustainable use of agricultural lands and water

优化水管理以可持续利用农田和水

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06041
• 负责人: SriRanjan, Ramanathan
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=679910
• 关键词: Optimizing; water; management; sustainable; use

Irrigation is expanding in Southern Manitoba in areas where salinization from poor quality groundwater has been a major problem. Wherever irrigation water is applied to plants, the plants take up the water and leave behind the salts within the root zone leading to salinization. Drainage systems can be used to remove the excess water applied to wash the salts below the rootzone to mitigate salinization. However, conventional drainage systems may also over-drain the field, removing valuable nutrients and water. Controlled drainage can be used to overcome this shortcoming. ***Previous NSERC funded field-scale research showed that properly designed and managed irrigation and drainage systems can significantly improve yield by 30% in potatoes and 15% in corn. However, major nutrient outflows were observed in tile drainage during spring snowmelt period as well as during high intensity rainfall. Controlled drainage using Drainage Control Structures (DCS) that can hold back the water within the field was shown to lower the nutrient outflow by 90% compared to conventional drainage. The use of DCS was found to be a best management practice to minimize nutrient export from the field. However, this practice may negatively impact soil trafficability due to the high water table in the spring. The proposed research will optimize the operation of controlled drainage to hold back the water and nutrients within the field while allowing improved trafficability. The DCS can also facilitate subirrigation where the irrigation water is applied through the DCS into the subsurface drains. However, the upward flux of subirrigated water may be restricted if the soil beneath the root zone becomes too dry. The data from this research will be used in Hydrus 2D/3D model to simulate different soil types and weather conditions and identify soils suitable for subirrigation.***In the short term, the main objectives will be to (1) monitor the water and nutrient movement within the root zone to assess the impact of subirrigation/drainage systems on crop yield and water quality; (2) determine the optimum depth of the water table that will still allow field operations while conserving the water and nutrients within the field; (3) determined the optimum depth of water table that will allow subirrigation during periods of high evapotranspiration. I will use the NSERC Discovery grant to partially support three PhD, five MSc, and twelve BSc students. Farmers will benefit from improved yields and better nutrient retention within the field.***In the long term, the objective will be to optimize the integrated water management systems combining subirrigation/controlled drainage systems and develop a protocol for site selection for successful implementation. The long-term goal is to manage the water and nutrients within the field and attain agricultural sustainability at the farm-scale and minimize the nutrient outflow into the rivers and lakes. ********

曼尼托巴省南部的灌溉正在扩大，在较差的地下水是一个主要问题的地区。无论将灌溉水施加到植物上，植物都会取水并留在根部区域内的盐，从而导致盐水。排水系统可用于去除用来清洗根区下方的盐的多余水以减轻盐水。但是，传统的排水系统也可能会使该领域过度耗尽，从而消除了有价值的营养和水。 可以使用受控的排水措施来克服这一缺点。 ***先前由NSERC资助的现场尺度研究表明，正确设计和管理的灌溉和排水系统可以显着提高土豆的产量和15％的玉米。 但是，在春季融雪期以及高强度降雨期间，在瓷砖排水中观察到主要的营养流出。 与常规排水相比，使用可以将水倒退的排水控制结构（DC）的受控排水量可将养分流出降低90％。发现DC的使用是最大程度地减少野外营养出口的最佳管理实践。 但是，这种做法可能会对春季高地下水位引起的土壤流量产生负面影响。 拟议的研究将优化受控排水的运行，以抑制田间的水和养分，同时允许改善流量。 DC还可以促进通过DC施加灌溉水到地下排水管中的灌溉水。 但是，如果根部区域下方的土壤过于干燥，则亚灌溉水的向上通量可能会受到限制。 这项研究的数据将在Hydrus 2D/3D模型中使用，以模拟不同的土壤类型和天气条件，并确定适合于亚灌溉的土壤。***在短期内，主要目标是（1）监视根部区域内的水和养分运动以评估亚灌溉/排水系统对作物产量和水质质量的影响； （2）确定地下水位的最佳深度，该深度仍允许现场操作，同时保存田间的水和养分； （3）确定了在高蒸散量时允许下地下水位深度的最佳深度。 我将使用NSERC Discovery Grant部分支持三位博士学位，五名MSC和12名BSC学生。农民将受益于该领域内的收益率提高和更好的养分保留率。长期的目标是管理该领域内的水和养分，并在农场规模上获得农业可持续性，并最大程度地减少进入河流和湖泊的养分流出。 ********