Scaling from organismal traits to populations and species range limits

从生物特征扩展到种群和物种范​​围限制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04954
• 负责人: Algar, Adam
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: Lakehead University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745599
• 关键词: Scaling; organismal; traits; populations; species

Travel to any location around the world, and you are bound to encounter new species, some familiar and some unlike anything you have seen before. Alternatively, open any field guide-to the birds, reptiles, trees, mushrooms or any other group-and you will find species' range maps, showing where each species may, or may not, be found. Both cases reveal one of ecology's most fundamental truths: all species have geographical limits and no species (not even our own) can persist everywhere, in all environments. But why not? What stops species from spreading outwards, to all environments? In other words, what sets limits on species' geographical distributions? Answering this question has never been more important; in response to rapid environmental change, many species' ranges are changing, either expanding or contracting. These range shifts can have considerable conservation, economic, and health implications through effects on at-risk species, the spread of invasives, and even zoonotic disease risk. Ultimately, range limits arise from interactions between individual organisms and their local abiotic and biotic environments; understanding how these organism-scale interactions generate range limits may hold the key to predicting their broad-scale dynamics. This project will bring together laboratory experiments, field studies, remote-sensing and big-data modelling to 1) test how climate and land use change are altering the fine-scale environments experienced by organisms, 2) test how species' physiological tolerances, trophic interactions and dispersal dynamics scale to constrain population size and species range margins, and 3) establish a long-term monitoring program to predict range dynamics in changing environments. Answering these questions will shed new light on the mechanisms underlying species' range limits and improve our ability to predict species' geographical fates as rapid environmental change reshuffles global biodiversity.

前往世界各地的任何地点，您一定会遇到新物种，有些熟悉，有些与您以前见过的任何事物不同。或者，打开任何野外指南，鸟类，爬行动物，树木，蘑菇或任何其他群体，您会发现物种的范围地图，以显示每个物种可能会发现或可能找不到的位置。这两种情况都揭示了生态学上最基本的事实之一：在所有环境中，所有物种都有地理极限，没有物种（甚至我们自己的物种）都可以持续存在。但是为什么不呢？是什么阻止物种向外传播到所有环境？换句话说，是什么设定了物种地理分布的限制？回答这个问题从未如此重要。为了响应快速的环境变化，许多物种的范围正在变化，要么扩大或收缩。这些范围的变化可以通过对高危物种，入侵物质甚至人畜共患病风险的影响，具有相当大的保护，经济和健康影响。最终，范围限制是由单个生物体及其局部非生物和生物环境之间的相互作用产生的。了解这些有机体规模的相互作用如何产生范围限制可能是预测其大规模动态的关键。该项目将汇集实验室实验，现场研究，遥感和大数据建模为1）测试气候和土地利用变化如何改变有机体所经历的精细尺度环境，2）测试物种的生理耐受性，营养相互作用，营养性相互作用，营养性相互作用，分散动态规模如何限制种群的大小和物种范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围范围内的动态。回答这些问题将使物种范围范围限制的机制有了新的启示，并提高了我们预测物种地理命运的能力，因为快速的环境变化改善了全球生物多样性。