Uptake, transport and subduction of heat and carbon in the Southern Ocean

南大洋热量和碳的吸收、输送和俯冲

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04985
• 负责人: Dufour, Carolina
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=743993
• 关键词: Uptake; transport; subduction; heat; carbon

The Southern Ocean plays a crucial role in the climate system by taking up large amounts of anthropogenic heat and carbon. Over recent decades, the Southern Ocean has experienced significant changes that are expected to further intensify over the 21st century and have the potential to greatly impact anthropogenic carbon and heat uptake, with large consequences for global sea level rise and warming. Despite its pivotal role in climate, the Southern Ocean remains one of the most undersampled regions of the global ocean and where climate models generally perform most poorly. The long-term objective of this program is to contribute to a better understanding and quantification of oceanic processes that control changes in the Southern Ocean circulation, carbon cycle and cryosphere. The specific objectives of this work are to investigate how heat and carbon are (1) transported meridionally across intense fronts and towards the Antarctic continent, (2) taken up by the Southern Ocean, and (3) subducted into the interior ocean. Of particular interest to this work is the role of mesoscale eddies. These transient or standing oceanic features of the order of 10 to 100 km are thought to play a significant role in the transport and subduction of heat and carbon, and in the uptake of carbon. By combining state-of-the art climate model simulations and the most recent observations of the Southern Ocean, this work is well poised to advance our knowledge on the current and future role of the Southern Ocean in the climate system.This research program will lead to a better understanding of the Southern Ocean circulation and its interactions with the cryosphere and impact on the carbon cycle. In particular, the completion of the proposed work will (1) help inform current efforts to parameterize mesoscale eddies in coarse-resolution climate models; (2) provide feedbacks to the modeling community as to whether finer ocean resolution in models should be pursued in the future, and (3) provide some guidance to future observational programs, in particular on the strategy of deployment for autonomous floats. This work will ultimately contribute to more accurate climate simulations and better predictions of the future Southern Ocean. Benefits to Canada include (i) supporting the development of oceanographic research in the country, (ii) training students of all cycles in oceanography, and (iii) advancing Canada's leadership role in research on polar regions.

南大洋吸收大量的人为热量和碳，在气候系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。近几十年来，南大洋经历了重大变化，预计在 21 世纪将进一步加剧，并有可能对人为碳和热量吸收产生巨大影响，对全球海平面上升和变暖产生重大影响。尽管南大洋在气候中发挥着举足轻重的作用，但它仍然是全球海洋中采样最不足的区域之一，而且气候模型通常表现最差。该计划的长期目标是促进更好地理解和量化控制南大洋环流、碳循环和冰冻圈变化的海洋过程。这项工作的具体目标是研究热量和碳是如何（1）经向输送穿过强烈锋面并流向南极大陆，（2）被南大洋吸收，以及（3）俯冲到内海。这项工作特别令人感兴趣的是中尺度涡流的作用。这些10至100公里量级的瞬态或静止海洋特征被认为在热量和碳的传输和俯冲以及碳的吸收中发挥着重要作用。 通过结合最先进的气候模型模拟和对南大洋的最新观测，这项工作有望增进我们对南大洋当前和未来在气候系统中的作用的了解。该研究计划将引领更好地了解南大洋环流及其与冰冻圈的相互作用以及对碳循环的影响。特别是，完成拟议的工作将（1）有助于为当前在粗分辨率气候模型中参数化中尺度涡流的工作提供信息； （2）向建模界提供关于未来是否应该在模型中追求更精细的海洋分辨率的反馈，以及（3）为未来的观测计划提供一些指导，特别是在自主浮标的部署策略方面。这项工作最终将有助于更准确的气候模拟和对未来南大洋的更好预测。对加拿大的好处包括（i）支持该国海洋学研究的发展，（ii）培训海洋学各个领域的学生，以及（iii）提升加拿大在极地研究中的领导作用。