Non-target analysis of radicals in sonochemical and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)

声化学和高级氧化过程 (AOP) 中自由基的非目标分析

• 批准号: RTI-2022-00340
• 负责人: Boffito, DariaCamilla
• 金额: $ 7.54万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=743057
• 关键词: Non; target; analysis; radicals; sonochemical

Several chemical and biological processes involve short-lived radicals that are either generated by a reaction or the interaction of a source of energy with the matter. To date, most mechanisms of the radical formation and their fate are still elusive to understand due to their short lifetime. This is the case for several research projects in the teams of Prof. Boffito and Yargeau, which involve radicals generated either sonochemically or by advanced oxidation redox processes (AOPs). In sonochemical processes, the energy transmitted by ultrasound (20 kHz - 1 MHz) produces acoustic cavitation, i.e. the formation, growth, and collapse of rarefied gas micro-bubbles. Their collapse results in micro hot spots (up to 5000 K and 1000 atm), and high speed jets (100 m s-1). In these conditions, radicals form. Their type and concentration depends on several factors, such as the characteristics of the ultrasound equipment and the physico-chemical identity of the reaction medium. The radicals thus generated can be leveraged to intensify several chemical and physical processes, including AOPs. AOPs describe a broad family of oxidation processes to unselectively degrade organic pollutants by radicals generated in different ways. These include ozonation, plasma, electrochemical oxidation, chemical oxidation, photocatalysis, sonochemistry, and combined AOPs. We request a portable electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrophotometer for the detection of free radicals. ESR is key to identify and quantify the radicals involved in sonochemical processes not only to establish the mechanisms of sonochemistry, which are still largely ignored, but also to design efficient sonochemical reactors to maximize yield and selectivity while minimizing energy requirements. Similarly, quantifying reactive oxidation species and intermediates in AOPs is crucial to design more efficient AOP systems and to identify the degradation mechanisms of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). This allows to design methods to completely mineralize pollutants leading to no residual ecotoxicity. There are no portable ESR apparatuses in Canada. Non-portable ESR are available in 5 Canadian institutions but require re-locating reactors. We anticipate that many different research groups will request access to the ESR both from academia and industry. ESR finds application to investigate the activity of enzymes, and tissue damage by free radicals, in geological studies for absolute dating and in industrial applications for quality control of product stability and shelf-life. It will also help developing new collaboration with both academic and industrial partners. The acquisition will greatly enhance the quality of the research of at least 20 HQP and provide them with marketable skills to work not only in scientific research but also in commercial sectors such as pharmaceuticals and personal care sectors, water remediation, plastics, fibers, and food products.

几种化学和生物学过程涉及短寿命的自由基，这些自由基要么是由反应或能源与物质的相互作用产生的。迄今为止，由于寿命短，根本形成及其命运的大多数机制仍然难以理解。 Boffito教授和Yargeau团队中的几个研究项目就是这种情况，涉及在声学上或通过高级氧化氧化还原过程（AOPS）产生的自由基。在超声（20 kHz -1 MHz）传输的能量中，产生声气膜，即稀有气体微生物的形成，生长和崩溃。它们的崩溃导致微热点（高达5000 K和1000 atm）和高速喷射（100 m S-1）。在这些条件下，自由基形成。它们的类型和浓度取决于几个因素，例如超声设备的特征以及反应培养基的物理化学认同。因此，可以利用这样生成的自由基来加强包括AOP在内的几种化学和物理过程。 AOPS描述了一个广泛的氧化过程家族，以不同方式产生的自由基降解有机污染物。其中包括臭氧，血浆，电化学氧化，化学氧化，光催化，声化性和合并AOP。我们要求便携式电子自旋共振（ESR）分光光度计检测自由基。 ESR是确定和量化与声学过程相关的激进分子的关键，这不仅是建立声化机制的机制，这些机制仍然在很大程度上被忽略，而且还设计有效的声学反应器，以最大程度地提高产量和选择性，同时最大程度地减少能量需求。同样，量化AOP中的反应性氧化物种和中间体对于设计​​更有效的AOP系统至关重要，并确定了新出现关注的污染物的降解机制（CECS）。这允许设计方法可以完全矿化污染物，从而无残留生态毒性。加拿大没有便携式ESR设备。在5个加拿大机构中有不可存储的ESR可用，但需要重新定位反应堆。我们预计，许多不同的研究小组将要求从学术界和行业访问ESR。 ESR发现在地质研究中，用于研究酶的活性以及自由基的组织损害，用于绝对约会和工业应用，以控制产品稳定性和保质期的质量控制。它还将帮助与学术和工业伙伴建立新的合作。此次收购将极大地提高至少20个HQP的研究质量，并为他们提供可销售的技能，不仅在科学研究中工作，而且还能在商业领域（例如药物和个人护理领域），水修复，塑料，纤维，纤维和食品。