Genetic and molecular characterization of early seed development to improve grain yield and quality

早期种子发育的遗传和分子特征，以提高谷物产量和质量

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05366
• 负责人: Chibbar, Ravindra
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=740532
• 关键词: Genetic; molecular; characterization; early; seed

The high anthropogenic activities during the last century has elevated the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, increased air temperatures and altered the precipitation patterns around the globe; these climate changes present serious challenges to crop productivity. To maintain food and nutritional security, it is imperative to increase crop yield and improve nutritional quality under abiotic stress conditions in a sustainable production system. Canada is a major agricultural producer and exporter. Globally, Canada is the fifth largest exporter of agriculture and agri-food products worth $56 billion annually to countries around the world. The three Prairie Provinces account for 84% of the Canadian arable land and are primary producers of wheat and pulses including lentil and chickpea. Spring wheat (~83%) is the dominant type grown in Canada. However, in years with low winter kill, fall seeded winter wheat produces 20 - 40% higher yield than spring wheat. Winter wheat is a very environmentally friendly crop as it efficiently uses spring moisture, out-competes the weeds and matures early. During the last decade of research, we have characterized wheat genotypes with increased cold tolerance and improved winter survival compared to the most hardy winter wheat cultivar Norstar. To make new winter wheat cultivars more attractive for wheat growers, the high winter hardiness trait needs to be combined with increased yield and improved grain quality. An important component of grain yield is seed size that is mainly affected by the environment, plant's source-sink relationship, and genetic factors determining the early stages of seed development. Recent studies show that the maternal tissues surrounding the growing seed set the limit to seed growth and size in wheat. The goal of our project is to study early seed development in fall seeded winter wheat and rye, and spring seeded chickpea genotypes varying in seed size to analyze the genetic factors and regulatory networks associated with early seed development. We will also develop genetic maps to identify the genomic regions associated with early seed development. The basic knowledge will be used to develop genetic markers for use by winter cereals and chickpea breeders in genomics assisted selection to combine optimal alleles for seed size and grain quality to increase yield and improve their grain quality. Chickpea is a leguminous crop that can fix atmospheric nitrogen, reducing input costs, while improving soil fertility and contributing to sustainable agricultural production systems. Similarly fall seeded winter cereals also protect soil, efficiently use spring moisture contributing to reduced input costs and sustainable agricultural production system. Successful completion of the project will result in improved grain quality and yield, making winter cereals and chickpea cultivation profitable.  Thus contributing to food and nutrition security in a sustainable agricultural production system.

上个世纪的大量人类活动导致全球大气二氧化碳水平升高、气温升高并改变了降水模式；这些气候变化对作物生产力提出了严峻挑战。加拿大是全球主要的农业生产国和出口国，每年向世界各国出口价值 560 亿美元的农产品和农产品。草原三省占加拿大 84% 的耕地是小麦和豆类的主要生产地，其中包括扁豆和鹰嘴豆。春小麦 (~83%) 是加拿大种植的主要类型。然而，在冬季杀虫率较低的年份，秋播冬小麦产量为 20。 - 产量比春小麦高 40%。 冬小麦是一种非常环保的作物，因为它能有效地利用春季水分，在竞争中击败杂草并且提前成熟。与最耐寒的冬小麦品种 Norstar 相比，提高耐寒性并提高冬季存活率 为了使新的冬小麦品种对小麦种植者更具吸引力，高耐寒性状需要与提高产量和改善谷物品质相结合。谷物产量是种子大小，主要受环境、植物源库关系和决定种子发育早期阶段的遗传因素影响。最近的研究表明，生长种子周围的母体组织限制了种子的生长和大小。我们项目的目标。我们的目标是研究秋季播种的冬小麦和黑麦以及春季播种的鹰嘴豆基因型不同种子大小的早期种子发育，以分析与早期种子发育相关的遗传因素和调控网络，我们还将开发遗传图谱来识别与早期种子发育相关的基因组区域。早期种子发育将用于开发遗传标记，供冬季谷物和鹰嘴豆育种者用于基因组学辅助选择种子大小的最佳等位基因，并结合谷物品质来提高产量和改善谷物品质。豆科作物可以固定大气中的氮，降低投入成本，同时提高土壤肥力，同样有助于可持续农业生产系统。秋季播种的冬季谷物还可以保护土壤，有效利用春季水分，有助于降低投入成本和可持续农业生产系统。该项目的实施将提高谷物质量和产量，使冬季谷物和鹰嘴豆种植有利可图，从而有助于可持续农业生产系统的粮食和营养安全。