Genomic strategies to enhance winter field survival and stabilized yield in fall seeded cereals.

提高冬季田间存活率和稳定秋季播种谷物产量的基因组策略。

• 批准号: 549031-2019
• 负责人: Chibbar, Ravindra
• 金额: $ 15.89万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=700839
• 关键词: Genomic; strategies; enhance; winter; field

The three Prairie Provinces account for 84% of the arable land in Canada, where wheat is one of the major crops, with annual production of 25-30 million metric tons bringing about $5 billion in export revenue. Spring wheat is the dominant type grown on the Prairies (~ 93%), whereas fall-seeded winter wheat is relatively low (<5%). Fall seeded winter cereals provide soil cover in the autumn and nesting grounds for wild life in the early spring, supporting the natural Prairie habitat. Early emergence of fall seeded winter cereals efficiently use spring moisture, grow vigorously outcompeting weeds, mature earlier and yield 20 - 40% more in years with low winter kill. The major challenge for winter wheat production on the Prairies is the survival of the very harsh prairie winters with extreme low temperatures (= -30oC). Improving low temperature (LT) tolerance and winter field survival in fall-seeded crops is urgently needed for producers to include the environmentally friendly winter cereals in a sustainable crop production system. During fall, exposure to non-freezing low temperature, winter cereals cold acclimate to gain LT tolerance that is influenced by environmental factors (day length, light quality and temperature) and seedling growth characteristics (final leaf number, prostrate growth habit and anthocyanin production), that are controlled by several genes. We recently identified several regions on the wheat and rye genomes associated with the developmental traits, LT tolerance and winter field survival. Combining the characterized wheat genomic regions resulted in 26 winter wheat recombinant inbred lines (RIL) with enhanced LT tolerance and improved winter field survival. The identified wheat RIL will be genotyped by sequencing and use the recently sequenced wheat and rye genomes to characterize candidate genes responsible for enhanced LT tolerance and winter field survival. The introgression of the characterized genes into elite winter wheat genotypes will accelerate the development of 'Climate Resilient Winter Wheat' for the benefit of Canadian producers to incorporate in the sustainable crop production portfolios, while opening up new international markets.

草原三省占加拿大耕地面积的84%，小麦是加拿大主要农作物之一，年产量25-3000万吨，带来约50亿美元的出口收入。春小麦是大草原上种植的主要类型（约 93%），而秋播冬小麦的比例相对较低（<5%）。秋季播种的冬季谷物为秋季提供了土壤覆盖，为早春的野生动物提供了筑巢地，支持了草原的自然栖息地。秋季播种的冬季谷物出苗早，可有效利用春季水分，生长旺盛，与杂草竞争，成熟更早，在冬季杀虫率低的年份产量增加 20 - 40%。草原冬小麦生产面临的主要挑战是如何度过严酷的草原冬季和极端低温（= -30oC）。生产者迫切需要提高秋季种子作物的低温（LT）耐受性和冬季田间生存能力，将环保的冬季谷物纳入可持续作物生产系统。 秋季，暴露在非冰冻低温下，冬季谷物进行冷适应以获得LT耐受性，该耐受性受环境因素（日长、光质量和温度）和幼苗生长特性（最终叶数、平伏生长习性和花青素产量）的影响，由多个基因控制。我们最近确定了小麦和黑麦基因组上与发育性状、耐低温性和冬季田间生存相关的几个区域。结合表征的小麦基因组区域，产生了 26 个冬小麦重组自交系 (RIL)，它们具有增强的 LT 耐受性和改善的冬季田间存活率。鉴定出的小麦 RIL 将通过测序进行基因分型，并使用最近测序的小麦和黑麦基因组来表征负责增强 LT 耐受性和冬季田间生存的候选基因。将特征基因引入优质冬小麦基因型将加速“气候适应冬小麦”的开发，使加拿大生产者受益，将其纳入可持续作物生产组合，同时开辟新的国际市场。