Genomic strategies to enhance winter field survival and stabilized yield in fall seeded cereals.

提高冬季田间存活率和稳定秋季播种谷物产量的基因组策略。

• 批准号: 549031-2019
• 负责人: Chibbar, Ravindra
• 金额: $ 15.89万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=700839
• 关键词: Genomic; strategies; enhance; winter; field

The three Prairie Provinces account for 84% of the arable land in Canada, where wheat is one of the major crops, with annual production of 25-30 million metric tons bringing about $5 billion in export revenue. Spring wheat is the dominant type grown on the Prairies (~ 93%), whereas fall-seeded winter wheat is relatively low (<5%). Fall seeded winter cereals provide soil cover in the autumn and nesting grounds for wild life in the early spring, supporting the natural Prairie habitat. Early emergence of fall seeded winter cereals efficiently use spring moisture, grow vigorously outcompeting weeds, mature earlier and yield 20 - 40% more in years with low winter kill. The major challenge for winter wheat production on the Prairies is the survival of the very harsh prairie winters with extreme low temperatures (= -30oC). Improving low temperature (LT) tolerance and winter field survival in fall-seeded crops is urgently needed for producers to include the environmentally friendly winter cereals in a sustainable crop production system. During fall, exposure to non-freezing low temperature, winter cereals cold acclimate to gain LT tolerance that is influenced by environmental factors (day length, light quality and temperature) and seedling growth characteristics (final leaf number, prostrate growth habit and anthocyanin production), that are controlled by several genes. We recently identified several regions on the wheat and rye genomes associated with the developmental traits, LT tolerance and winter field survival. Combining the characterized wheat genomic regions resulted in 26 winter wheat recombinant inbred lines (RIL) with enhanced LT tolerance and improved winter field survival. The identified wheat RIL will be genotyped by sequencing and use the recently sequenced wheat and rye genomes to characterize candidate genes responsible for enhanced LT tolerance and winter field survival. The introgression of the characterized genes into elite winter wheat genotypes will accelerate the development of 'Climate Resilient Winter Wheat' for the benefit of Canadian producers to incorporate in the sustainable crop production portfolios, while opening up new international markets.

这三个草原省占加拿大耕地土地的84％，小麦是主要农作物之一，年产量为25-30万吨，带来了约50亿加元的出口收入。春小麦是大草原上种植的主要型（约93％），而秋天的冬小麦相对较低（<5％）。秋季种子冬季谷物在秋季秋季提供了秋天的土壤覆盖物，并在早春提供了野生生命的筑巢地面，支持了天然的草原栖息地。秋季种子冬季谷物的早期出现有效地使用春季水分，急剧胜过杂草，早期成熟，并且在冬季杀死的情况下，在几年中产生20至40％。冬小麦生产在大草原上的主要挑战是温度极高的冬季非常苛刻的草原冬天的生存（= -30oC）。迫切需要在可持续的农作物生产系统中包括环保的冬季谷物，迫切需要改善秋季种子作物中的低温（LT）耐受性和冬季田间生存。 在秋季，暴露于非冻结低温的情况下，冬季谷物可适应受到环境因素（日长，光质量和温度）和幼苗生长特征（最终叶子数，俯卧生长习惯和花青素产生）影响的LT耐受性，这些耐受性受到了多个基因的控制。我们最近确定了与发育特征，LT耐受性和冬季田野生存相关的小麦和黑麦基因组的几个区域。结合特征的小麦基因组区域，导致26个冬小麦重组近交系（RIL）具有增强的LT耐受性和提高的冬季田间存活。确定的小麦RIL将通过测序进行基因分型，并使用最近测序的小麦和黑麦基因组来表征负责增强LT耐受性和冬季田间存活的候选基因。将特征基因渗入精英冬小麦基因型将加速“气候韧性冬小麦”的发展，以使加拿大生产商的利益融入可持续的作物生产组合中，同时开放新的国际市场。