Corrosion in biomass/fossil fuel co-processing: fundamentals and mitigation practice

生物质/化石燃料协同处理中的腐蚀：基础知识和缓解实践

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04391
• 负责人: Liu, Jing
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=739936
• 关键词: Corrosion; biomass; fossil; fuel; co

At present, more than 80% of all energy and 90% of all organic chemicals are derived from finite fossil fuel resources. The emerging co-processing of biomass with fossil fuels has been growing to make use of renewable biomass as a fuel source. Since co-processing is still in the research stage, leveraging existing refinery infrastructure is an attractive initial option. The benefits of co-processing for a refinery include reducing the associated greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, enabling the gradual independence from fossil sources, and rendering low-carbon-highly-sustainable fuels. All these benefits are directly related to the economic values to Canada. In response to the carbon taxes, GHG emissions are increasingly monitored and priced. The competitiveness of the refinery sector can be affected by its level of GHG emissions. On the other hand, crude oil purchasing today represents over 90% of the cost structure of a refinery and is therefore a major area for achieving profitability and reducing costs. In the meantime, the biomass co-processing technologies are facing severe challenges. Of particular note is that biomass sources have high acidity and high concentrations of organic oxygenates, which can result in increased corrosion issues. While adding a small percentage of renewable feedstock to the operations of refinery units sounds simple, there must be a limit to the ratio of biofuels mixed with fossil fuels. One should consider possible corrosion risks directly affected by this limit to metallic structures from the existing refineries which have been built and used for decades. That is, what are the optimum mixture ratios of certain biomass sources for acceptable corrosion rates? Beyond what is acceptable, what could we do to protect these existing structures? Exploring innovative coatings could be an effective solution as protection of metals against corrosion and oxidation by surface modification is a key technology for many industrial fields such as waste treatment. Detailed studies of corrosion, using modern surface analysis and electrochemical techniques, have explored the degree of corrosion risk to a variety of engineering alloys in waste-to-energy industries. This proposal will discuss a program to discover the corrosion mechanisms in the emerging fossil fuels/biomass co-processing technologies, and to identify new coatings and/or surface modification methods that will reduce corrosion and preserve safety and profitability. A long-term goal is to design a pilot/prototype facility to process a mixture of biomass and fossil fuel, so that questions, such as, what construction materials are economically suitable and reliable for new co-processing refinery units? By answering this question, this program will explain how corrosion and surface modification studies could revolutionize the biomass co-processing industry.

目前，80%以上的能源和90%以上的有机化学品都来自有限的化石燃料资源。新兴的生物质与化石燃料的协同处理一直在发展，以利用可再生生物质作为燃料来源。由于协同处置仍处于研究阶段，利用现有炼油厂基础设施是一个有吸引力的初始选择。炼油厂协同处理的好处包括减少相关的温室气体 (GHG) 排放、逐步摆脱化石能源以及提供低碳、高度可持续的燃料。所有这些好处都与加拿大的经济价值直接相关。为了应对碳税，温室气体排放受到越来越多的监控和定价。炼油厂的竞争力可能会受到其温室气体排放水平的影响。另一方面，如今原油采购占炼油厂成本结构的 90% 以上，因此是实现盈利和降低成本的主要领域。与此同时，生物质协同处置技术也面临着严峻的挑战。特别值得注意的是，生物质来源具有高酸度和高浓度的有机含氧物，这可能导致腐蚀问题增加。虽然在炼油厂的运营中添加少量可再生原料听起来很简单，但生物燃料与化石燃料的混合比例必须受到限制。人们应该考虑到受这一限制直接影响现有炼油厂的金属结构可能存在的腐蚀风险，这些炼油厂已经建成并使用了几十年。也就是说，对于可接受的腐蚀速率，某些生物质源的最佳混合比例是多少？除了可接受的范围之外，我们还能做些什么来保护这些现有的结构？探索创新涂层可能是一种有效的解决方案，因为通过表面改性来保护金属免受腐蚀和氧化是废物处理等许多工业领域的关键技术。 利用现代表面分析和电化学技术对腐蚀进行详细研究，探讨了废物能源行业中各种工程合金的腐蚀风险程度。该提案将讨论一项计划，以发现新兴化石燃料/生物质协同处理技术中的腐蚀机制，并确定新的涂层和/或表面改性方法，以减少腐蚀并保持安全性和盈利能力。长期目标是设计一个试点/原型设施来处理生物质和化石燃料的混合物，从而解决诸如哪些建筑材料对于新的协同处理炼油装置经济上合适且可靠等问题？通过回答这个问题，该计划将解释腐蚀和表面改性研究如何彻底改变生物质协同处理行业。