Investigating the Functional Role of Sleep in Waking Cognitive and Emotion Processing

研究睡眠在清醒认知和情绪处理中的功能作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04422
• 负责人: Cote, Kimberly
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Brock University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=714469
• 关键词: Investigating; Functional; Role; Sleep; Waking

Sleep is a complex behaviour consisting of two distinct states observed in the EEG (i.e., electrical recordings of brain wave activity). Non-REM sleep is characterized by slow brain oscillations and signature waveforms called spindles and K-complexes. REM sleep is paradoxical in that it looks much like waking EEG, yet is difficult to awaken the sleeper. Past research from the Sleep Research Laboratory at Brock has investigated how sleep and sleep disruption affect cognition, memory, and emotion processing. We have shown that disruptions to sleep lead to emotion dysregulation including heightened neural processing of negative picture scenes and threatening facial expressions, yet blunted responses to sad expressions as seen in event-related potential brain recordings. Our long-term goal is to understand the functional role of sleep in waking cognitive and emotion processing. Continuing from our published studies on total sleep deprivation and short-term sleep restriction, we will now investigate the more precise roles of REM and non-REM sleep mechanisms in waking emotion perception. Accurate and rapid detection of emotion in others, and emotionally-relevant stimuli in our environment, is important for decision making, social interactions, and even self-preservation. We have recently developed a new battery of emotion perception tasks. For example, one task measures a threshold of detection in identifying emotion in faces that dynamically change expression from neutral. Another task requires participants to judge the predominate emotional expression in a crowd of faces. These tasks have been designed to have greater real-world applicability than past studies that have used mainly static picture stimuli presented in isolation. We will first investigate how natural variation in sleep in a student population affects emotion processing (sleep durations vary considerably in this age group). We will also carry out a chronic sleep restriction study where we will curtail sleep to five hours per night over a week. The sleep period will either be early or late to disrupt non-REM versus REM selectively. Last, we will manipulate sleep through separate REM sleep deprivation and deep sleep enhancement protocols. In this series of studies, we will record sleep and waking EEG from 64-channels to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of sleep EEG and its role in waking emotion perception, with the aim to understand the respective roles of non-REM and REM sleep. As well, we will follow up on our recent work investigating the moderating role of sex and hormones (cortisol, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone) and heart rate variability as markers of resiliency/vulnerability to sleep disruption. As many Canadians do not get the sleep they need, this research may help people to optimize performance (work, scholastic, sport) through sleep, and may also inform intervention strategies in individuals with sleep, emotion, or behavioural disorders.

睡眠是一种复杂的行为，由脑电图（即脑电波活动的电记录）中观察到的两种不同状态组成。非快速眼动睡眠的特点是大脑缓慢振荡和称为纺锤体和 K 复合体的特征波形。快速眼动睡眠是矛盾的，因为它看起来很像清醒时的脑电图，但很难唤醒睡眠者。布罗克睡眠研究实验室过去的研究调查了睡眠和睡眠中断如何影响认知、记忆和情绪处理。我们已经证明，睡眠中断会导致情绪失调，包括对负面图片场景和威胁性面部表情的神经处理增强，但对悲伤表情的反应减弱，如与事件相关的潜在大脑记录中所见。 我们的长期目标是了解睡眠在清醒认知和情绪处理中的功能作用。继续我们已发表的关于完全睡眠剥夺和短期睡眠限制的研究，我们现在将研究快速眼动睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠机制在清醒情绪感知中的更精确作用。准确快速地检测他人的情绪以及我们环境中与情绪相关的刺激对于决策、社交互动甚至自我保护都很重要。 我们最近开发了一系列新的情绪感知任务。例如，一项任务测量识别面部表情动态变化中性表情的检测阈值。另一项任务要求参与者判断人群中主要的情绪表达。这些任务的设计比过去主要使用单独呈现的静态图片刺激的研究具有更大的现实世界适用性。 我们将首先研究学生群体睡眠的自然变化如何影响情绪处理（这个年龄段的睡眠持续时间差异很大）。我们还将开展一项长期睡眠限制研究，将一周内的睡眠时间减少到每晚五个小时。睡眠时间可以提前或推迟，以选择性地干扰非快速眼动与快速眼动。最后，我们将通过单独的快速眼动睡眠剥夺和深度睡眠增强方案来控制睡眠。在这一系列研究中，我们将从64个通道记录睡眠和清醒脑电图，研究睡眠脑电图的时空模式及其在清醒情绪感知中的作用，旨在了解非快速眼动睡眠和快速眼动睡眠各自的作用。此外，我们还将跟进最近的工作，调查性和激素（皮质醇、睾酮、雌二醇、黄体酮）和心率变异性作为睡眠中断弹性/脆弱性标志的调节作用。 由于许多加拿大人没有获得所需的睡眠，这项研究可能会帮助人们通过睡眠优化表现（工作、学业、运动），也可能为患有睡眠、情绪或行为障碍的个体提供干预策略。