Appetite regulation in humans: effect of sex hormones and exercise intensity

人类食欲调节：性激素和运动强度的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06118
• 负责人: Hazell, Tom
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Wilfrid Laurier University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=710124
• 关键词: Appetite; regulation; humans; effect; sex

The idea that exercise may produce fat loss without dietary intervention is controversial, as aerobic exercise alone frequently results in fat loss in males but is less effective in females. Recently, we demonstrated an intense model of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) known as sprint interval training (SIT; 4-6 repeated “all-out” 30 s efforts separated by 4 min active rest) induced fat loss in both males and females. However, the magnitude of the fat loss was greater in males. To explore the mechanism for the ability of interval training to induce fat loss, we measured post-exercise metabolism over 24 h across three experimental sessions (no exercise, SIT, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise). Despite the drastically reduced exercise volume (2 min of exercise SIT vs 30 min aerobic), SIT induced a small but prolonged increase in post-exercise metabolism, which likely contributes to the SIT-induced fat loss. However, this increase in post-exercise metabolism is similar across sex. This suggests sex hormones and exercise intensity affect appetite-regulation. Appetite regulation involves the integration of the appetite-stimulating (ghrelin) and appetite-inhibiting (PYY, GLP-1) hormones in the brain, which acutely regulate energy intake. While eating and fasting are known to influence these signals, the mechanisms by which sex hormones and exercise affect appetite-regulation are unknown. Thus, the long-term goal of this research program is to improve our understanding of the specific mechanisms responsible for human appetite regulation. As estrogen and progesterone are known to influence energy intake, sex differences likely involve these key sex hormones. Further, while research has demonstrated exercise alters energy intake, the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. The short-term objectives will explore how: 1) sex hormone levels (estrogen, progesterone) during the menstrual cycle affect appetite-regulating hormones; and 2) how the intensity of exercise alters the appetite-regulating hormones due to increases in the skeletal muscle inflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 3) blood lactate (product of muscle metabolism). The proposed work will be conducted in humans using serial blood draws (fasted, fed, pre- and post-exercise) over several hours to establish a time course of effects. Specific appetite-regulating hormones (grehlin, PYY, GLP-1) and potential physiological mediators (sex hormones, IL-6, lactate) will be analyzed. This research will improve our understanding of appetite regulation and provide training of numerous highly qualified personnel in exercise physiology, endocrinology, and fitness evaluation/exercise prescription. The long-term impact of this research will provide new insights on appetite regulation to improve strategies to induce body fat loss aiding the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type II diabetes.

运动可以在不进行饮食干预的情况下减少脂肪的想法是有争议的，因为单独有氧运动经常导致男性脂肪减少，但对女性效果较差。最近，我们展示了一种称为高强度间歇训练（HIIT）的强化模型。冲刺间歇训练（SIT；4-6 次重复“全力以赴”的 30 秒训练，中间间隔 4 分钟的主动休息）可导致男性和女性的脂肪减少，但男性的脂肪减少幅度更大。能力机制尽管运动量大幅减少（2 分钟的静坐运动与 30 分钟的有氧运动），但我们还是通过三个实验（无运动、静坐、中等强度有氧运动）测量了 24 小时内的运动后代谢情况。 SIT 会引起运动后新陈代谢的小幅但长期的增加，这可能有助于 SIT 引起的脂肪减少。然而，这种运动后新陈代谢的增加在不同性别之间是相似的。运动强度影响食欲调节。 食欲调节涉及大脑中刺激食欲（生长素释放肽）和抑制食欲（PYY、GLP-1）激素的整合，这些激素可以敏锐地调节能量摄入，而众所周知，进食和禁食会影响这些信号，而其机制却是这样的。性激素和运动对食欲调节的影响尚不清楚，因此，该研究项目的长期目标是提高我们对人类食欲调节的具体机制的了解，因为已知雌激素和孕激素会影响能量摄入和性别差异。可能此外，虽然研究表明运动会改变能量摄入，但短期目标将探讨：1）月经周期中的性激素水平（雌激素、黄体酮）如何影响食欲调节激素；由于骨骼肌炎症标记物白细胞介素 6 (IL-6) 和 3) 血乳酸（肌肉的产物）增加，运动强度会改变食欲调节激素。代谢）。 拟议的工作将在人体中进行，使用连续抽血（禁食、进食、运动前和运动后）几个小时来确定特定食欲调节激素（grehlin、PYY、GLP-1）和效果的时间过程。将分析潜在的生理介质（性激素、IL-6、乳酸）。这项研究将提高我们对食欲调节的理解，并为运动生理学、内分泌学和健身评估/运动处方方面的众多高素质人员提供培训。这项研究的长期影响将为食欲调节提供新的见解，以改善诱导体内脂肪减少的策略，从而有助于治疗肥胖和二型糖尿病等代谢性疾病。