Plant-mycorrhizal fungal interaction networks: understanding their role in the resilience and adaptation of forests to climate change

植物-菌根真菌相互作用网络：了解它们在森林对气候变化的恢复和适应中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
RGPIN-2016-04259
负责人：
Simard, Suzanne
金额：
$ 3.79万
依托单位：
University of British Columbia
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690350
关键词：
Plant mycorrhizal fungal interaction networks

项目摘要

*Enhancing regeneration of forests that are productive and resilient to perturbations will be a crucial strategy in Canada's efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Resilient forests are characterized by above and belowground species diversity, healthy biotic and abiotic interactions, and connectivity, thus enabling them to resist damage and recover quickly from disturbance. However, ecological theory that aboveground competition is the dominant mechanism driving resource uptake, species coexistence, productivity and other forest ecological processes, is hindering the development of novel applications for increasing the resilience and adaptive capacity of regenerating forests. Lacking is an understanding of how facilitation by mutualists, in particular mycorrhizal fungi and the belowground networks they form among trees, influences tree behaviour and consequences for forest ecosystems. The underlying premise of this research is that resilience and adaptive capacity of forests is rooted in the balance of positive and negative above- and belowground interactions among species. Within this framework, I will focus on (i) outcomes, (ii) mechanisms and (iii) drivers of these interactions in forest ecosystems.****Over the next five years, I will meet four short-term objectives:****1. Test whether forest responses to climate change are dependent upon competitive and facilitative interactions among trees mediated by mycorrhizal networks, roots, and root-shoot relations;****2. Determine whether climate, tree relatedness and tree stress influence mycorrhizal network effects on tree behavior and forest structure;****3. Investigate how above and belowground legacies affect the plurality of interactions and resilience of forests to climate stress and disturbance;****4. Integrate understanding of shoot, root and fungal interaction effects on forest structure and function with theory that forest ecosystems behave as complex adaptive systems.*******To meet these objectives, I will train and mentor HQP at the MSc, PhD and PDF levels in science and professional skills, building on my strong track record. The research will include experimental manipulations in the field and greenhouse; natural experiments across environmental gradients; plant and fungal ecophysiology; molecular tools; statistical and structural equation modeling; and development of concepts and theory.*******This proposal tests basic ecological theory, but it has broad practical implications for management of forests in Canada and world-wide. This is evidenced by wide applications of my ongoing research on species interactions in today's forest harvesting and reforestation practices and policies in western Canada, as well as numerous speaking invitations in the public and private forest sectors. This DG will not cover applications directly, but these will be addressed through ongoing collaborations over the next five years.***

*加强森林的再生，使森林具有生产力和抗干扰能力，将是加拿大减缓和适应气候变化的一项重要战略。具有复原力的森林的特点是地上和地下物种多样性、健康的生物和非生物相互作用以及连通性，从而使它们能够抵抗损害并从干扰中快速恢复。然而，生态理论认为地上竞争是驱动资源吸收、物种共存、生产力和其他森林生态过程的主导机制，这阻碍了提高森林再生恢复力和适应能力的新应用的开发。人们缺乏对互利共生，特别是菌根真菌及其在树木之间形成的地下网络的促进作用如何影响树木行为和对森林生态系统的影响的理解。这项研究的基本前提是，森林的恢复力和适应能力植根于物种之间积极和消极的地上和地下相互作用的平衡。在此框架内，我将重点关注森林生态系统中这些相互作用的 (i) 结果、(ii) 机制和 (iii) 驱动因素。****在未来五年中，我将实现四个短期目标：** **1.测试森林对气候变化的反应是否依赖于由菌根网络、根和根-冠关系介导的树木之间的竞争性和促进性相互作用；****2。确定气候、树木相关性和树木胁迫是否影响菌根网络对树木行为和森林结构的影响；****3。调查地上和地下遗产如何影响森林对气候压力和干扰的多重相互作用和恢复力；****4。将芽、根和真菌相互作用对森林结构和功能的影响的理解与森林生态系统作为复杂的适应性系统的理论结合起来。********为了实现这些目标，我将在理学硕士、博士和硕士课程中培训和指导 HQP。 PDF 科学和专业技能水平，建立在我良好的记录之上。该研究将包括在田间和温室中进行实验操作；跨环境梯度的自然实验；植物和真菌生态生理学；分子工具；统计和结构方程建模；以及概念和理论的发展。********该提案测试了基本的生态理论，但它对加拿大和世界各地的森林管理具有广泛的实际意义。我正在进行的关于物种相互作用的研究在加拿大西部当今森林采伐和重新造林实践和政策中的广泛应用以及公共和私营林业部门的众多演讲邀请就证明了这一点。该总干事不会直接涵盖应用程序，但这些问题将通过未来五年的持续合作来解决。***