The Influence of Polymers and Nanomaterials on the Kinetics, Flow Characteristics and Surface Interactions of Hydrate/Ice Forming Systems

聚合物和纳米材料对水合物/冰形成系统的动力学、流动特性和表面相互作用的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05035
• 负责人: Servio, Phillip
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=664766
• 关键词: Influence; Polymers; Nanomaterials; Kinetics; Flow

Water is one of the most unique compounds in nature that is not only essential for life but also plays a significant role in many processes related to energy and safety. Water can exist in many solid forms when it is exposed to the proper conditions and components but two of the most important are: Gas Hydrate and Ice. Naturally occurring gas hydrates hold enormous amounts of stored energy that exceed conventional carbon reserves and mostly contain natural gas, the cleanest of all fossil fuels. Hence, they are being considered as a new/alternative method to sustain our ever increasing energy demands and preserve our quality of life. Carbon dioxide is also a major component in the emissions of thermal power plants, which contributes to global warming. The gas storage properties of hydrates position it as a potential candidate for capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide in order to lower its emissions and abide by the 2016 Paris Agreement, which Canada and 167 other nations agreed to. Complications arising from gas hydrate formation can also pose a significant threat to machinery and equipment in oil and gas processes. Its formation has even led to the loss of life and environmental devastation, as evidenced by the infamous British Petroleum oil spill of 2010. Similarly, ice accretion can cause catastrophic devastation such as the 1998 ice storm that hit Eastern Canada and the Northeastern U.S. Ice that forms on modern infrastructure such as aircrafts, ships, offshore oil platforms, wind turbines, telecommunications and power transmission lines jeopardizes their integrity and poses a significant safety hazard to operators and civilians alike. ***For these reasons, it is important to study both these phase change processes in order to provide information that is essential for the design of safe, economical, and environmentally responsible processes and facilities to deal with gas hydrate and ice formation. In order to accomplish this, a better understanding of the following is required. 1) Kinetics: Inhibition of gas hydrate formation via water-soluble polymers tailored using block copolymer self-assembly. 2) Rheology: Investigation of the effects of nanofluids and water-soluble polymers on the flow of water as it transitions to either gas hydrate or ice. 3) Surface interactions: Design and testing of hydrate-phobic and icephobic coatings comprised of polymer, nanomaterial and biomimetic surfaces. These three targeted areas will allow us to garner a better understanding of hydrate and ice and how to possibly exploit them by controlling and manipulating their interactions. The outcome of this work has the potential to place Canada at the forefront of technologies related to: 1) De-crystallizing techniques that preclude hydrate and ice accretion, 2) Natural gas recovery from in situ gas hydrate formations and 3) Storage and transportation of methane and carbon dioxide in gas hydrate form.

水是自然界中最独特的化合物之一，不仅对生活至关重要，而且在与能源和安全有关的许多过程中起着重要作用。当水暴露于适当的条件和组件时，水可以以许多固体形式存在，但最重要的两个是：气体水合物和冰。天然存在的气体水合物容纳大量的储存能量，这些能量超过了常规的碳储量，并且主要含有天然气，这是所有化石燃料中最干净的。因此，它们被视为一种维持我们不断增长的能源需求并保留我们的生活质量的新/替代方法。二氧化碳也是热电厂排放中的主要组成部分，这有助于全球变暖。水合的气体存储特性将其定位为捕获和隔离二氧化碳的潜在候选者，以降低其排放量并遵守2016年巴黎协定，加拿大和其他167个其他国家同意。气体形成引起的并发症还会对石油和天然气过程中的机械和设备构成重大威胁。它的形成甚至导致了生命和环境破坏的丧失，这是臭名昭著的2010年英国石油漏油事件所证明的。同样，冰增生物可能会造成灾难性的破坏，例如1998年袭击了东加拿大东部和美国东北部的冰暴现代基础设施（例如飞机，船舶，海上石油平台，风力涡轮机，电信和电力输电线路）的形式危害了它们的诚信，并对运营商和平民构成了重大的安全危害。 ***由于这些原因，重要的是要研究这两个相变过程，以便提供对安全，经济和对环境负责的过程和设施的设计至关重要的信息，以处理气体水合物和冰形成。为了实现这一目标，需要更好地了解以下内容。 1）动力学：通过使用块共聚物自组装定制的水溶性聚合物来抑制气体水合物形成。 2）流变学：研究纳米流体和水溶性聚合物对水流量的影响，因为它过渡到气体水合物或冰。 3）表面相互作用：由聚合物，纳米材料和仿生表面组成的水合物 - 恐惧和冰分涂层的设计和测试。这三个目标区域将使我们能够更好地了解水合物和冰，以及如何通过控制和操纵它们的相互作用来利用它们。这项工作的结果有可能使加拿大与以下技术相关的技术的最前沿：1）除去水合物和冰的脱结晶技术，2）从原位气体水合物形成和3）存储和运输中的天然气回收。甲烷和二氧化碳形式。