Shifting Adaptations: Genomics of Adaptation and Speciation with Gene Flow

适应转变：适应和物种形成的基因组学与基因流

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05251
• 负责人: Friesen, Victoria
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=651195
• 关键词: Shifting; Adaptations; Genomics; Adaptation; Speciation

New theoretical models and increasingly powerful methods for unlocking the evolutionary information contained in genomes are challenging the classical models of adaptation and speciation. Traditionally, the potential for populations to adapt to the local environment was thought to depend primarily on selection, genetic variation, gene flow and genetic drift. However, recent research suggests that the potential for local adaptation depends on two additional critical factors: 1) the source of genetic variation (new mutations versus “standing genetic variation”- variation that already exists in a population); and 2) “genomic architecture” (the number of genes controlling a trait, and the physical and functional relationships among them). The interactions among gene flow, genomic architecture and adaptation are complex in theory, and largely unexplored in natural populations. In the present application, I propose to use a novel combination of whole genome sequencing and targeted gene sequencing to test the effect of gene flow on standing genetic variation and genomic architecture during local adaptation and speciation. My proposed program has two themes, using seabirds as model systems:******Theme I will test the role of standing variation in adaptation and speciation by allochrony - differences in breeding time. In several archipelagos worldwide, morphologically different conspecific populations of storm-petrels (Hydrobates spp.) breed in the same colonies in warm versus cool seasons. We will test the hypothesis that seasonal adaptations on different archipelagoes arose from standing genetic variation, as opposed to independent mutations or recent gene flow between archipelagoes. We will also test the hypothesis that genomic architecture changes during the divergence process.******Theme II tests the contribution of inter-species gene flow to adaptation in peripheral populations. Specifically, we will test whether 1) adaptive introgression from ground-nesting Kittlitz's murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) enabled tree-nesting marbled murrelets (B. marmoratus) to expand their range into treeless areas; and 2) speciation in white-headed gulls (Larus spp.) entailed repeated isolation and secondary contact (gene flow) between ancestral populations during the Pleistocene glaciations.******Understanding the effects of gene flow on standing variation and genomic architecture during adaptation is arguably one of the most important gaps in our understanding of evolution, since it affects all aspects of biological organization from behaviour through population dynamics to speciation. It also is integral to our ability to predict, and hopefully mitigate, the effects of anthropogenic change on biodiversity. The proposed work will provide training in genomics, bioinformatics, and field ecology for 3 PhD, 2 MSc and 10 BSc students.***

用于解锁基因组中包含的进化信息的新理论模型和日益强大的方法正在挑战适应和物种形成的经典模型传统上，种群适应当地环境的潜力主要取决于选择、遗传变异和基因流。然而，最近的研究表明，局部适应的潜力取决于两个额外的关键因素：1）遗传变异的来源（新突变与“持续遗传变异”——群体中已经存在的变异）； ）“基因组结构”（基因数量控制性状，以及它们之间的物理和功能关系）。基因流、基因组结构和适应之间的相互作用在理论上是复杂的，并且在自然群体中很大程度上尚未被探索。在本申请中，我建议使用整体的新颖组合。基因组测序和靶向基因测序，以测试基因流在局部适应和物种形成过程中对常设遗传变异和基因组结构的影响。我提出的计划有两个主题，使用海鸟作为模型系统：******主题我将测试常备变异在异时适应和物种形成中的作用 -在世界各地的几个群岛中，形态不同的风暴海燕（Hydrobates spp.）在同一群体中在温暖季节和凉爽季节繁殖。我们将检验不同群岛的季节性适应源于长期遗传变异的假设。 ，而不是群岛之间的独立突变或最近的基因流动，我们还将检验基因组结构在分化过程中发生变化的假设。******主题 II 测试物种间基因的贡献。具体来说，我们将测试：1）地面筑巢的基特利茨海雀（Brachyramphus brevirostris）的适应性渗入是否使树巢大理石海雀（B. marmoratus）将其范围扩大到无树地区；2）物种形成；在白头鸥（Larus spp.）中，祖先种群之间的反复隔离和二次接触（基因流）更新世冰川。*****了解适应过程中基因流对常备变异和基因组结构的影响可以说是我们理解进化过程中最重要的差距之一，因为它影响着从行为到种群动态的生物组织的各个方面它也是我们预测并希望减轻人为变化对生物多样性影响的能力所不可或缺的。拟议的工作将为 3 名博士、2 名硕士和 10 名理学学士提供基因组学、生物信息学和野外生态学方面的培训。学生。***