What role does adaptation play in population differentiation and speciation in highly mobile organisms?

适应在高度流动的生物体的种群分化和物种形成中发挥什么作用？

• 批准号: 203320-2013
• 负责人: Friesen, Victoria
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=632029
• 关键词: What; role; does; adaptation; play

Traditionally, new species were thought to originate following gradual genetic divergence of populations separated by a physical barrier to dispersal. However there are many large gaps in our understanding of speciation. For example, do the same factors disrupt dispersal in different species? Do highly mobile species adapt to local conditions genetically? My research team is addressing questions such as these in seabirds. Seabirds present useful study systems because their ecology is generally well understood, and they are easy to sample in large numbers. Furthermore, because they encounter few physical barriers to dispersal, non-physical factors that can promote divergence in a variety of organisms are more evident than in less mobile organisms. In the previous funding cycle, we found several surprising challenges to the traditional model of speciation. In the present application, I propose to investigate the role of local adaptation in population differentiation and speciation in highly mobile organisms. Specifically, I propose to apply a combination of ecological (e.g. life history) data and cutting-edge genomic methods to investigate A) the genetic basis of parallel adaptation in seasonal races of band-rumped storm-petrels, and B) the extent of local adaptation in two species of arctic seabirds. Two approaches are planned: 1) genome-wide comparisons of individuals differing in a key trait (e.g. breeding season); and 2) investigation of functional variation in target (candidate) genes such as 'clock' (involved in the timing of reproduction and migration) and 'ADCYAP1' (potentially involved in migratory restlessness). Given our extensive DNA archive, network of collaborators and history of innovation, my lab is uniquely positioned to maximize the findings from these study systems. The proposed work will clarify the genetic basis of functional traits, fitness effects of these traits, and levels of variation in functional genes. Results are important for understanding both the potential for, and rate of, local adaptation, and have direct conservation benefits for several species of Canadian seabirds. This program will provide multidisciplinary training for 4 Ph.D., 3 M.Sc. and approx. 10 B.Sc. students.

传统上，新物种被认为是在被物理传播障碍分隔开的种群逐渐遗传分化后产生的。然而，我们对物种形成的理解存在许多巨大差距。例如，相同的因素是否会扰乱不同物种的传播？高度流动的物种是否能从基因上适应当地条件？我的研究团队正在解决海鸟中的此类问题。海鸟提供了有用的研究系统，因为它们的生态学通常很好理解，而且很容易进行大量采样。此外，由于它们很少遇到扩散的物理障碍，因此可以促进各种生物体分化的非物理因素比移动性较差的生物体更加明显。在上一个资助周期中，我们发现传统的物种形成模型面临一些令人惊讶的挑战。在本申请中，我建议研究局部适应在高度流动生物体的种群分化和物种形成中的作用。具体来说，我建议结合使用生态（例如生活史）数据和尖端基因组方法来研究A）带腰风暴海燕季节性种族中平行适应的遗传基础，以及B）当地的范围两种北极海鸟的适应。计划采用两种方法：1）对关键性状（例如繁殖季节）不同的个体进行全基因组比较； 2）研究目标（候选）基因的功能变异，例如“时钟”（涉及繁殖和迁徙的时间）和“ADCYAP1”（可能涉及迁徙不安）。鉴于我们广泛的 DNA 档案、合作者网络和创新历史，我的实验室具有独特的优势，可以最大限度地利用这些研究系统的发现。拟议的工作将阐明功能性状的遗传基础、这些性状的适应性效应以及功能基因的变异水平。结果对于了解当地适应的潜力和速度非常重要，并且对加拿大几种海鸟具有直接的保护效益。该项目将为4名博士、3名硕士提供多学科培训。和大约。 10 理学士学生。