Using modern genomics to minimize long-term impacts of resource development on Arctic seabirds

利用现代基因组学最大限度地减少资源开发对北极海鸟的长期影响

• 批准号: 493789-2016
• 负责人: Friesen, Victoria
• 金额: $ 12.11万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=602862
• 关键词: Using; modern; genomics; minimize; long

As numerically dominant apex predators, seabirds are key components of Canada's Arctic marine ecosystem. Seabirds and their eggs also are important to the culture and diet of indigenous Arctic peoples. However, Arctic seabird populations are facing multiple simultaneous direct and indirect threats from climate change, shipping and industrial development. Unsurprisingly, many populations are showing signs of stress such as reduced reproductive success or declining numbers. To avoid extinction, wildlife populations must adapt through (1) changes in behaviour or physiology, (2) dispersal, or (3) genetic changes. The capacity for seabirds to adapt through these three avenues is virtually unknown, but it is critical to maintenance of healthy populations. New genomic methods, especially when combined with on-going studies of behaviour and physiology, provide powerful opportunities to determine the long-term sensitivities of Arctic seabirds to climate change and industrial development. We will use genomic, behavioural and ecological data to estimate levels of dispersal, phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation for seven seabird species that Canada has a global responsibility to protect. We will then provide Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) with three main products needed for effective policy development: (1) estimates of population genetic structure and dispersal, for delineating management units and for estimating colony-specific impacts of large-scale mortality during the nonbreeding season; (2) assessments of the long-term sensitivities of populations and species to climate change and industrial development; and (3) maps of the spatial distribution of adaptive variation, for assessing key populations and areas lacking resilience to industrial developments. These products are strategic for ECCC to develop science-based policies for a balanced, socially responsible, pro-active approach to Arctic development and stewardship. The present work also will provide training in highly sought-after skills in genomics, bioinformatics and population modeling for 18 highly qualified personnel.

作为数值占主导地位的顶点捕食者，海鸟是加拿大北极海洋生态系统的关键组成部分。海鸟及其卵也对北极地区的文化和饮食也很重要。但是，北极海鸟种群面临着气候变化，航运和工业发展的多个直接和间接威胁。毫不奇怪，许多人群都表现出压力的迹象，例如减少生殖成功或数量下降。为避免灭绝，野生动植物种群必须通过（1）行为或生理学的变化，（2）分散或（3）遗传变化。海鸟适应这三种途径的能力几乎是未知的，但维持健康人群至关重要。新的基因组方法，尤其是在进行行为和生理学的持续研究时，为确定北极海鸟对气候变化和工业发展的长期敏感性提供了有力的机会。我们将使用基因组，行为和生态数据来估计加拿大具有全球保护责任的七种海鸟物种的分散，表型可塑性和遗传变异的水平。然后，我们将为加拿大的环境和气候变化提供有效政策制定所需的三种主要产品：（1）估计人口遗传结构和分散，用于划定管理部门以及估计非繁殖季节大规模死亡率的殖民地特异性影响； （2）评估人口和物种对气候变化和工业发展的长期敏感性； （3）适应性变化的空间分布的地图，用于评估关键人群和缺乏对工业发展的韧性的领域。这些产品对于ECCC来说是为了制定基于科学的政策的战略性，以平衡，社会负责，积极主动的北极发展和管理。目前的工作还将为18名高素质人员的基因组学，生物信息学和人群建模方面的备受追捧的技能提供培训。