Novel instrumentation and models for biomechanical assessment of engineered protection devices

用于工程保护装置生物力学评估的新型仪器和模型

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04253
• 负责人: Dennison, Christopher
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=649018
• 关键词: Novel; instrumentation; models; biomechanical; assessment

Head and brain injury affects all sectors of society: everyday civilians; military personnel; law enforcement personnel; and youth, adult, amateur and professional athletes. In civilian settings, head injuries occur through blunt impact in automotive collisions and sport incidents. In military and law enforcement, they can occur from blunt impact, ballistic impacts on helmets, and exposure to blast from explosives. Taken together, head-brain injury leads to societal costs of $Billions as well as long term suffering in the injured individual.******Engineers play a vital role in understanding, and indeed in designing engineered protection devices for, head protection devices (i.e. helmets). The ability to protect the head is tested using models that fall into one of two categories. The first is metal-rubber experimental models that rely on measurements of parameters including (but not limited to) acceleration due to impact, or pressure in blast, that to varying degrees of accuracy can estimate protection by quantifying how well the protection device limits these accelerations or pressures. The second is computer models that strive to estimate capacity for protection by estimating the amount of impact or blast energy prevented from affecting the human. Computer models require validation to ensure that their outputs exhibit realism and as of now they are not widely used in standardized certification and assessment of protection devices partially because their validation is ongoing. Experimental models are widespread and used in standardized testing and certification, however they are often criticized as poor models for the human. This latter concern stems from the fact that most are constructed to be mechanically robust and re-usable, and as a result they don't, in many cases, accurately model the response of the relatively frailer human. ******The proposed program addresses these limitations by developing mechanically realistic experimental models and advanced instrumentation that quantify mitigation in mechanical exposure to impact and blast. To protect against these injuries while attempting to lessen the physical burden of the headgear-wearer, protective headgear is being developed with novel material architectures that strive for light-weight while retaining protective efficacy. Preventing transfer of mechanical impact and blast energy is the central goal behind headgear design, and therefore accurate mechanical models and instrumentation are vital in their assessment.

头和脑损伤会影响社会的所有部门：日常平民；军事人员；执法人员；和青年，成人，业余和职业运动员。在平民环境中，头部受伤是通过在汽车碰撞和运动事件中的钝性影响而受到的。在军事和执法部门中，它们可能会因钝性影响，对头盔的弹道影响以及炸药的爆炸而发生。综上所述，头脑脑损伤导致社会成本数十亿美元，并且在受伤的人中长期苦难。******工程师在理解中起着至关重要的作用，甚至在为设计工程保护设备，头部保护设备（即头盔）设计方面起着至关重要的作用。使用属于两个类别之一的模型对保护头部的能力进行了测试。第一个是依赖参数的测量值的金属橡胶实验模型，包括（但不限于）由于撞击或爆炸中的压力而导致的加速度，其准确性在不同程度上可以通过量化保护设备限制这些加速度或压力来估计保护。第二个是计算机模型，努力通过估计阻止影响人类的影响或爆炸能量来估算保护能力。计算机模型需要验证以确保其输出表现出现实主义，并且到目前为止，由于其验证正在进行中，因此它们部分未广泛用于保护设备的标准化认证和评估。实验模型是广泛的，并用于标准化的测试和认证中，但是它们通常被批评为人类的贫困模型。后一种关注是源于以下事实：大多数人在机械上是坚固且可重复使用的事实，因此，在许多情况下，它们并没有准确地模拟相对脆弱的人的响应。 ******通过开发机械逼真的实验模型和高级仪器来解决这些局限性，以量化机械暴露于影响和爆炸的机械暴露。为了防止这些伤害，同时试图减轻头饰磨损者的身体负担，保护性头饰是通过新颖的材料体系结构开发的，这些材料体系结构努力轻巧，同时保持保护效果。防止机械影响和爆炸能量的传递是头饰设计背后的核心目标，因此准确的机械模型和仪器在评估中至关重要。