Understanding the impact of the host on microbial ecology and host functions in the gastrointestinal tract of calves using functional genomics

利用功能基因组学了解宿主对犊牛胃肠道微生物生态和宿主功能的影响

• 批准号: 342749-2013
• 负责人: Guan, Leluo
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=595601
• 关键词: Understanding; impact; host; microbial; ecology

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbours dynamic and abundant microbial populations and such populations are rapidly established during and immediately after birth. There is increasing evidence that commensal microbiota plays an important role in the development of the GIT epithelial barrier and host immune functions. However, the understanding of host-microbial interactions in the GIT of cows is limited and its role in animal health has not been well studied. Newborn calves acquire microbes in their GIT from both their mother and the surrounding environment. Recent studies from my laboratory have demonstrated that differences in the mucosa-associated bacterial community resulted in significant variation in expression of innate immune genes. These communities did not simply reflect those associated with digesta indicating that there is a significant host role in establishing these communities. Studies from human and mice have shown that once the microbial community is established - the "footprint" of this community is very difficult to change except temporarily. In turn, the host-microbial interrelationship plays a regulatory role in maintaining gut homeostasis. The mucosal epithelium provides a barrier between the host and the gut environment and it plays a key role in recognizing the GIT microbiome and regulating the passage of microbial byproducts as well as microbial cells, especially pathogens. I propose to investigate the role of the host on host-microbial interactions in the GIT of calves using a functional genomics approach based on the hypothesis that the development of epithelial barrier functions of GIT can be regulated by the host recognition of the microbial colonization and byproducts in the early life of cows. The objectives of this study are 1) to identify an interplay among gut microbiota, the epithelial barrier (tight junctions), and the mucosal immune function, and 2) to identify the effect of diet on the barrier functions related to microbiota in dairy calves using functional genomics analysis. This will contribute to the fundamental knowledge on host-microbial interctions in ruminants and future applications to improve animal gut health for more sustainable animal production in Canada.

哺乳动物的胃肠道（GIT）具有动态和丰富的微生物种群，并且在出生后迅速建立了这种种群。越来越多的证据表明，共生微生物群在GIT上皮屏障和宿主免疫功能的发展中起着重要作用。但是，对母牛GIT中宿主微生物相互作用的理解是有限的，并且其在动物健康中的作用尚未得到很好的研究。新生儿犊牛从母亲和周围环境中获得了git中的微生物。我实验室的最新研究表明，与粘膜相关的细菌群落的差异导致先天免疫基因表达显着差异。这些社区不仅反映了与Digesta相关的社区，表明在建立这些社区中具有重要的主机作用。人类和小鼠的研究表明，一旦建立了微生物群落 - 除暂时外，该社区的“足迹”很难改变。反过来，宿主 - 微生物相互关系在维持肠道稳态方面起着监管作用。粘膜上皮在宿主和肠道环境之间提供了障碍，它在识别GIT微生物组和调节微生物副产品以及微生物细胞（尤其是病原体）的通过中起着关键作用。我建议使用功能基因组学方法基于假设，即GIT上皮屏障功能的发展可以通过宿主识别微生物定植和副产物来调节宿主在犊牛中的宿主 - 微生物相互作用的作用。在牛的早期生活中。这项研究的目的是1）确定肠道菌群之间的相互作用，上皮屏障（紧密连接）和粘膜免疫功能，以及2），以确定饮食对使用乳制犊牛在乳制品犊牛中使用乳制品功能的影响功能基因组学分析。这将有助于反刍动物和未来应用中宿主 - 微生物际交往的基本知识，以改善动物肠道健康，以在加拿大更可持续的动物生产。