Influences of the Efferent System on Human Auditory Function

传出系统对人类听觉功能的影响

• 批准号: 9108686
• 负责人: Skyler G. Jennings
• 金额: $ 18.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9108686
• 关键词: Acoustics; Action Potentials; Adult; Aging; Algorithms; Area; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory system; Behavioral Research; Biomedical Research; Cochlear Hearing Loss; Code; Communication; Computer Simulation; Data; Detection; Development; Development Plans; Devices; Diagnostic Procedure; Discrimination; Disease; Ear; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Environment; Family; Friends; Functional disorder; Funding; Goals; Hearing; Human; Individual; Ipsilateral; Knowledge; Laboratory Animals; Lead; Link; Measures; Medial; Mentors; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Noise; Pathway interactions; Perception; Performance; Physiological; Principal Investigator; Procedures; Process; Productivity; Public Health; Quality of life; Reflex action; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Support; Research Training; Role; Senior Scientist; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Discrimination; Speech Perception; Structure; System; Techniques; Time; Training; Translating; Voice; base; career; career development; contrast enhanced; design; human subject; improved; innovation; models and simulation; neurophysiology; novel; novel diagnostics; prevent; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; signal processing; skills; sound

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although current hearing devices improve listening in quiet environments, they do little to improve speech understanding in noisy backgrounds. The long-term goal of this research program is to fully understand the relationship between auditory perception and physiological mechanisms responsible for adapting to the local soundscape. The objective of this particular application is to understand the role of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex in the perception of fluctuating sounds and on speech-in-noise performance in normal hearing and hearing impaired listeners using perceptual, electrophysiological, and auditory modeling techniques. The central hypothesis of the proposed research is that cochlear hearing loss limits the ability of the MOC reflex to regulate cochlear gain, thus preventing the putative perceptual and neural benefits associated with the reflex. The rationale of the proposed research is that a detailed description of the influence of the MOC reflex on human auditory function has the potential to translate to a better understanding of why hearing devices provide little benefit to improving speech-in-noise performance in hearing impaired adults. This detailed description will be obtained by completing the following specific aims: 1) Determine the role of the MOC reflex in the detection of temporal fluctuations and the identification of speech syllables in noise; 2) Determine the effect of eliciting the ipsilateral MOC reflex on the compound action potential (CAP) in human subjects with and without cochlear hearing loss; and 3) Simulate the influence of the MOC reflex on auditory function in listeners with and without cochlear hearing loss. This approach is innovative because it links empirical findings from normal and impaired perception and electrophysiology to a quantitative theoretical framework using a computational auditory model. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to lead to 1) a clear understanding of the role of the MOC reflex in humans with normal and impaired auditory systems, 2) effective procedures for evaluating the influence of the MOC reflex on auditory function, 3) novel MOC-inspired signal processing algorithms for hearing devices, and 4) a better quality of life for hearing impaired individuals by providing improved communication with family, friends, and co-workers. To achieve the research objectives of this application, the principal investigator (PI) has designed a career development plan to acquire expertise in speech perception and electrophysiological methods, and deepen expertise in computational auditory modeling. Training in these areas will be obtained by frequent communication and planned mentoring activities with senior scientists in the PI's mentoring/advising team. This training will provide the PI with the skills needed to become an independent investigator, and prepare for a career of research productivity.

 描述（由申请人提供）：虽然当前的听力设备可以改善安静环境中的听力，但它们对改善嘈杂背景下的语音理解作用甚微。该研究计划的长期目标是充分了解听觉感知与负责的生理机制之间的关系。该特定应用的目的是了解内侧橄榄耳蜗 (MOC) 反射在感知波动声音以及正常听力和听力中的噪声中语音表现中的作用。所提出的研究的中心假设是，耳蜗听力损失限制了 MOC 反射调节耳蜗增益的能力，从而阻止了与反射相关的假定的感知和神经益处。拟议研究的重点是，详细描述 MOC 反射对人类听觉功能的影响有可能转化为更好地理解为什么听力设备对改善听力受损者的噪声中语音表现几乎没有什么帮助该详细描述将通过完成以下具体目标来获得： 1) 确定 MOC 反射在检测时间波动和识别噪声中的语音音节中的作用； 2) 确定引发同侧 MOC 反射的效果。在化合物上 患有或不患有耳蜗听力损失的人类受试者的动作电位（CAP）；以及 3）模拟 MOC 反射对患有或不患有耳蜗听力损失的听众的听觉功能的影响。这种方法是创新的，因为它将正常和受损的经验结果联系起来。使用计算听觉模型将感知和电生理学纳入理论框架，这项研究意义重大，因为它有望导致 1) 清楚地了解 MOC 反射在听觉系统正常和受损的人类中的定量作用，2)评估 MOC 反射对听觉功能影响的有效程序，3）用于听力设备的新颖的受 MOC 启发的信号处理算法，以及 4）通过改善与家人、朋友、为了实现该应用程序的研究目标，首席研究员（PI）设计了一项职业发展计划，以获取语音感知和电生理学方法方面的专业知识，并深化这些领域的计算听觉建模方面的专业知识。通过与资深科学家的频繁沟通和有计划的指导活动而获得该培训将为 PI 提供成为独立研究者所需的技能，并为研究生产力的职业生涯做好准备。