Exosomes/Microvesicles: Novel Mechanisms of Cell-Cell Communication

外泌体/微泡：细胞间通讯的新机制

• 批准号: 9106396
• 负责人: DAVID L. WOODLAND
• 金额: $ 1.08万
• 依托单位: KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-15 至 2016-11-15
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9106396
• 关键词: Address; Area; Attention; Basic Science; Biochemical; Biogenesis; Biological; Biological Markers; Biological Process; Biology; Biotechnology; Bone Marrow; Cell Communication; Cells; Cellular biology; Collaborations; Colorado; Communication; Communities; Cues; DNA; Development; Discipline; Disease; Docking; Endocytosis; Enzymes; Event; Growth Factor Receptors; Human; Knowledge; Liquid substance; Malignant Neoplasms; Membrane; Metabolic; Methodology; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nerve Degeneration; Outcome; Pharmacologic Substance; Primary Neoplasm; Proteins; RNA; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Shapes; Site; Synapses; Time; Tissues; Transcript; Translational Research; Tumor Angiogenesis; Vesicle; Work; cancer cell; career; cell type; clinical practice; diagnostic biomarker; exosome; expectation; extracellular vesicles; insight; intercellular communication; meetings; microvesicles; new therapeutic target; novel; novel therapeutic intervention; novel therapeutics; posters; public health relevance; symposium; trafficking; transcription factor; tumor; tumor microenvironment; tumor progression; uptake; vesicular release

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Support is requested for a Keystone Symposia meeting entitled Exosomes/Microvesicles: Novel Mechanisms of Cell-Cell Communication, organized by Richard A. Cerione and Xandra O. Breakefield. The meeting will be held in Keystone, Colorado from June 19-22, 2016. An emerging area of great excitement in the cell biology and pharmaceutical/biotech communities involves the release and subsequent uptake of membrane-enclosed packets of information, often referred to as extracellular vesicles. These non-traditional vesicles contain a potent array of cargo, including hundreds of proteins such as growth factors and receptors, metabolic enzymes, transcription factors and a large variety of RNA transcripts as well as DNA. Extracellular vesicles span a range of sizes from 50 nm to 1 micron and comprise a heterogenous set, including exosomes and microvesicles that appear to be generated through distinct mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles are thought to serve as a means of cell-to-cell communication and contribute to a number of disease states, including cancer and neurodegeneration, thus offering new targets for therapeutic intervention and novel possibilities for diagnostic biomarkers. However, a number of important questions need to be answered: What are the regulatory cues that determine content and release of these vesicles from "donor" cells? How many different types of extracellular vesicles are there and do they vary among cell types? Are there specific uptake mechanisms of vesicles into "recipient cells" and is the cargo functional in these cells? The time is right for a Keystone Symposia meeting that covers this exciting area and aims to bring together investigators from the cell biology and biomedical communities to present their newest findings concerning the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles, how they are shed and dock onto target cells, and the biological and disease consequences of their functions. This meeting's focus is particularly relevant to NCI given the number of connections between microvesicle/exosome function and cancer progression. For example, extracellular vesicles have been implicated in the communication between cancer cells at a primary tumor site and their immediate microenvironment, as well as in the creation of the pre-metastatic niche at secondary sites of tumor colony formation, and in tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, these vesicles are stable in tissue fluids and have the potential to serve as biomarkers, with the idea being that microvesicles/exosomes from different types of cancer cells will contain some cargo specific to those cells. Thus, microvesicles/ exosomes offer a potentially rich area for the identification of new therapeutic anti-cancer targets and diagnosti markers

 描述（由申请人提供）：请求支持题为“外泌体/微泡：细胞间通讯的新机制”的 Keystone 研讨会，由 Richard A. Cerione 和 Xandra O. Breakefield 组织。该会议将于 2019 年在科罗拉多州 Keystone 举行。 2016 年 6 月 19-22 日。细胞生物学和制药/生物技术界非常兴奋的一个新兴领域涉及膜封闭的信息包，通常称为细胞外囊泡，这些非传统囊泡含有大量有效的物质，包括数百种蛋白质，如生长因子和受体、代谢酶、转录因子和多种 RNA 转录物。细胞外囊泡的尺寸范围从 50 nm 到 1 微米，并包含异质组，包括似乎是通过不同的细胞产生的外泌体和微囊泡。细胞外囊泡被认为是细胞间通讯的一种手段，并导致许多疾病状态，包括癌症和神经变性，从而为治疗干预提供了新的目标，并为诊断生物标志物提供了新的可能性。需要回答的重要问题是：决定“供体”细胞中这些囊泡的含量和释放的调节线索有哪些？有多少种不同类型的细胞外囊泡，它们是否因细胞类型而异？囊泡进入“受体细胞”的机制以及货物在这些细胞中是否发挥作用？考虑到微泡/外泌体功能之间的联系数量，本次会议的重点与 NCI 特别相关。例如，细胞外囊泡参与原发肿瘤部位的癌细胞与其直接微环境之间的通讯，以及肿瘤集落形成的继发部位转移前生态位的创建。此外，这些囊泡在组织液中稳定，有可能作为生物标志物，其想法是来自不同类型癌细胞的微囊泡/外泌体将含有一些特定于这些细胞的货物。因此，微泡/外泌体为鉴定新的治疗性抗癌靶点和诊断标记物提供了潜在的丰富领域。