Descriptive Studies and Record Linkage

描述性研究和记录链接

• 批准号: 9154204
• 负责人: William Anderson
• 金额: $ 16.89万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9154204
• 关键词: Accounting; Adenocarcinoma; Africa; African American; Age; American; American Indian and Alaska Native; Anal Adenocarcinoma; Anatomy; Anus; Area; Asia; Asians; Birth; Calendar; Cancer Etiology; Cancer Surveillance Research; Carcinoma in Situ; Censuses; Characteristics; China; Cohort Effect; Country; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Linkages; Databases; Death Rate; Diagnosis; Disease; Eastern Europe; Epidemiology; Esophagus; Ethnic Origin; Etiology; European; Female Breast Carcinoma; Future; Gender; General Population; Generations; Genetic; Geographic Locations; Hematologic Neoplasms; Hispanics; Histologic; Hong Kong; Hormone Receptor; Incidence; Malaysia; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of esophagus; Malignant neoplasm of testis; Medical Surveillance; Minority; Modeling; Molecular; Monoclonal Gammapathies; Mucous Membrane; Multiple Myeloma; National Cancer Institute; Not Hispanic or Latino; Outcome; Pacific Island Americans; Patients; Pattern; Persons; Population; Population Projection; Populations at Risk; Procedures; Public Health; Race; Registries; Reporting; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; SEER Program; Signs and Symptoms; Singapore; South America; South Korea; Squamous cell carcinoma; Stage at Diagnosis; Staging; Subgroup; Sum; Taiwan; Testicular Germ Cell Tumor; Thromboembolism; Thrombosis; Time; United States; Variant; Venous; Venous Thrombosis; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia; Woman; age group; cancer diagnosis; cancer type; cohort; experience; follow-up; high risk; improved; malignant breast neoplasm; man; men; mortality; neoplasm registry; novel; outcome forecast; population based; racial and ethnic; rectal; sex; trend; tumor

General descriptive studies (00350): Breast cancer mortality rates have been declining among women in many western countries since the late 1980s. Women diagnosed before age 70 have experienced declining death rates within five years of diagnosis, even for metastatic disease. Tumor size at diagnosis in 2010 is smaller on average than seen before 1985, but data show that smaller tumor size within each stage at diagnosis explains only a small proportion of the improvement in breast cancer survival in women under the age of 70. However, changes in tumor size account for about half of the improvements for women diagnosed with localized breast cancer at age 70 and older. Projections show that the total number of new breast cancers is expected to rise by 50% in the United States from 283 000 in 2011 to 441 000 in 2030. The proportion of all new case patients age 70 to 84 years is expected to increase while the proportion ages 50 to 69 years is expected to decrease from 54.7% to 43.6%. The proportion of ER-positive invasive cancers is expected to remain nearly the same at 62.6%, whereas the proportion of ER-negative cancers is expected to decrease from 16.8% to 8.6%. Hormone receptor (HR) negative breast cancers are relatively more common in low-risk than high-risk countries and/or populations. However, the absolute variations between these different populations are not well established. Two unique population-based resources with molecular data were used to compare incidence rates for breast cancer subtypes between a low-risk Asian population in Malaysia and high-risk non-Hispanic white population in the National Cancer Institutes surveillance, epidemiology, and end results 18 registries database (SEER 18). Notably, there was a greater absolute risk for all subtypes of breast cancer in United States. Previous reports also have suggested that female breast cancer is associated with earlier ages at onset among Asian than Western populations. However, most studies utilized cross-sectional analyses that may be confounded by calendar-period and/or birth cohort effects. Invasive female breast cancer data (19882009) were obtained from cancer registries in China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and the United States. Longitudinal age-specific rates were proportional (or similar) among all Asian countries and the United States with incidence rates rising continuously until age 80 years. The extrapolated estimates for the most recent cohorts in some Asian countries actually showed later ages at onset than in the United States. Indeed, the Asian breast cancer rates in recent generations are even surpassing the historically high rates in the United States. Younger ages at diagnosis for blacks compared with whites have been reported for several cancer types. However, the US black population is younger than the white population, which may bias age comparisons that do not account for the general populations at risk. Non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites were analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data for the year 2010. Most differences between blacks and whites in the age at cancer diagnosis were small. Incidence rates of testicular cancer in Northern European and North American countries have been widely reported, whereas rates in other populations, such as Eastern Europe, Central/South America, Asia, and Africa, have been less frequently evaluated. Testicular cancer incidences rates overall and by histologic type by calendar time and birth cohort for selected global populations 1973-2007 were assessed. Incidence rates of testicular cancer increased between 1973-1977 and 2003-2007 in most populations evaluated worldwide. Reasons for the rising incidence rates among European and American populations remain unexplained. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most commonly occurring cancers among men between the ages of 15 and 44 years in the United States (U.S.). The incidence of TGCT was highest among non-Hispanic white men (6.97 per 100,000 man-years) followed in declining order by rates among American Indian/Alaska Native (4.66), Hispanic white (4.11), Asian/Pacific Islander (1.95), and black men (1.20). However, while non-Hispanic white men in the U.S. continue to have the highest incidence of TGCT, they present at more favorable stages of disease and with smaller tumors than do other men. Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the inner layers of the mucosa (lining) of the esophagus. It is the 8th most common cancer worldwide and is known for its marked variation by geographic region, ethnicity and gender. The two main types of esophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, share a poor prognosis, but have distinct histopathological and epidemiologic profiles including: global incidence, mortality and survival patterns; known and suspected risk factors and protective factors; signs and symptoms of disease; common procedures for diagnosis and treatment, and public health significance. Although anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) are generally combined in cancer surveillance, their etiologies likely differ. Women have higher rates of SCC (rate ratio [RR]=1.45; 95%CI 1.40-1.50) and lower rates of ADC (RR=0.68; 95%CI 0.62-0.74) and squamous carcinoma in situ (CIS) (RR=0.36; 95%CI 0.34-0.38) than men. Blacks had lower rates of SCC (RR=0.82; 95%CI 0.77-0.87) and CIS (RR=0.90; 95%CI 0.83-0.98) than non-Hispanic whites, but higher rates of ADC (RR=1.48; 95%CI 1.29-1.70). Rates of anal SCC and CIS have increased strongly over time, in contrast to rates of anal ADC, similar to trends observed for rectal SCC and ADC. In sum, anal SCC and ADC likely have different etiologies, but may have similar etiologies to rectal SCC and ADC, respectively. Many malignancies, including multiple myeloma and its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significant, are associated with an elevated risk of thromboembolism. There is limited information on the risk of thrombosis in patients with Waldenstrm macroglobulinemia (WM) and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). Information on occurrence of venous and arterial thrombosis after the diagnosis of WM/LPL was obtained through the centralized Swedish Patient Register, with follow-up to 2006. Patients with WM/LPL had a significantly increased risk of venous thrombosis and the highest risk was observed during the first year following diagnosis (HR = 4.0, 95% CI 2.5-6.4). The risk was significantly elevated 5 (HR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.7-3.0) and 10 years after diagnosis (HR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.6-2.5). The potential role of thromboprophylaxis in WM/LPL, especially during the first year after diagnosis and in patients treated with thrombogenic agents, needs to be assessed to further improve outcome in WM/LPL patients. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy in the United States (US). No study has made detailed forecasts of future MM incidence or burden in the US by age group, race/ethnicity, and sex. Forecasts were constructed for 2011 through 2034 using 1992-2011 cancer incidence data from the National Cancer Institutes Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program, a novel age-period-cohort forecasting model, and population projections from the US Census Bureau. Though the MM incidence per 100,000 person-years will continue to be quite stable during 2011 2034, because of demographic changes, the total number of new MM cases per year (burden) is expected to increase by 65% in men and 61% in women. Almost all of these increases will occur among older Americans ages 64 84 years. The percentage of minority cases is also expected to increase, from 29% to 37% among men and from 34% to 38% among women.

一般描述性研究 (00350)：自 20 世纪 80 年代末以来，许多西方国家的女性乳腺癌死亡率一直在下降。 70 岁之前确诊的女性死亡率在诊断后五年内呈下降趋势，即使是转移性疾病也是如此。 2010 年诊断时的肿瘤大小平均比 1985 年之前要小，但数据显示，诊断时每个阶段的较小肿瘤大小只能解释 70 岁以下女性乳腺癌生存率改善的一小部分。对于 70 岁及以上被诊断患有局部乳腺癌的女性来说，肿瘤大小的改善约占一半。预测显示，美国新发乳腺癌总数预计将增加 50%，从 2011 年的 283 000 例增加到 2030 年的 441 000 例。所有新发病例中年龄在 70 岁至 84 岁之间的比例预计将增加，而50岁至69岁年龄段的比例预计将从54.7%下降至43.6%。 ER 阳性浸润性癌症的比例预计将保持在 62.6% 不变，而 ER 阴性癌症的比例预计将从 16.8% 下降至 8.6%。 激素受体（HR）阴性乳腺癌在低风险国家和/或人群中相对更常见。然而，这些不同人群之间的绝对差异尚未明确。国家癌症研究所的监测、流行病学和最终结果使用两种独特的基于人群的分子数据资源来比较马来西亚低风险亚洲人群和高风险非西班牙裔白人人群的乳腺癌亚型发病率18注册数据库 (SEER 18)。值得注意的是，在美国，所有亚型乳腺癌的绝对风险都较高。 此前的报告还表明，亚洲女性乳腺癌的发病年龄早于西方女性。然而，大多数研究采用的横断面分析可能会受到日历周期和/或出生队列效应的影响。侵袭性女性乳腺癌数据（19882009）来自中国、香港、韩国、台湾、新加坡和美国的癌症登记处。所有亚洲国家和美国的纵向年龄别发病率均成比例（或相似），发病率持续上升，直至 80 岁。对一些亚洲国家最近队列的推断估计实际上显示发病年龄比美国晚。事实上，近几代人的亚洲乳腺癌发病率甚至超过了美国的历史最高发病率。据报道，与白人相比，黑人在多种癌症类型中的诊断年龄更小。然而，美国黑人人口比白人人口年轻，这可能会在不考虑一般风险人群的情况下进行年龄比较。对 2010 年的监测、流行病学和最终结果数据对非西班牙裔黑人和非西班牙裔白人进行了分析。黑人和白人之间在癌症诊断年龄方面的大多数差异很小。北欧和北美国家睾丸癌的发病率已被广泛报道，而东欧、中/南美洲、亚洲和非洲等其他人群的发病率却很少被评估。 对 1973-2007 年选定的全球人群的睾丸癌总体发病率以及按日历时间和出生队列的组织学类型进行了评估。 1973-1977 年间和 2003-2007 年间，在全世界接受评估的大多数人群中，睾丸癌的发病率有所增加。 欧洲和美洲人群发病率上升的原因仍不清楚。 睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤 (TGCT) 是美国 15 岁至 44 岁男性中最常见的癌症。 TGCT 的发病率在非西班牙裔白人中最高（每 10 万人年 6.97 例），其次是美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民（4.66）、西班牙裔白人（4.11）、亚裔/太平洋岛民（1.95）、和黑人（1.20）。 然而，虽然美国非西班牙裔白人男性的 TGCT 发病率仍然最高，但与其他男性相比，他们处于更有利的疾病阶段且肿瘤更小。 食管癌是一种发生在食管粘膜内层的恶性肿瘤。它是全球第八大最常见的癌症，因其地理区域、种族和性别的显着差异而闻名。食管癌的两种主要类型，鳞状细胞癌和腺癌，预后较差，但具有不同的组织病理学和流行病学特征，包括：全球发病率、死亡率和生存模式；已知和可疑的危险因素和保护因素；疾病的体征和症状；诊断和治疗的常见程序以及公共卫生意义。尽管肛门鳞状细胞癌（SCC）和腺癌（ADC）通常在癌症监测中结合在一起，但它们的病因可能不同。女性 SCC 发生率较高（发生率 [RR]=1.45；95%CI 1.40-1.50），ADC 发生率较低（RR=0.68；95%CI 0.62-0.74）和原位鳞状细胞癌 (CIS) (RR= 0.36；95%CI 0.34-0.38) 高于男性。与非西班牙裔白人相比，黑人的 SCC（RR=0.82；95%CI 0.77-0.87）和 CIS（RR=0.90；95%CI 0.83-0.98）发生率较低，但 ADC 发生率较高（RR=1.48；95%） CI 1.29-1.70）。与肛门 ADC 的发生率相比，肛门 SCC 和 CIS 的发生率随着时间的推移而大幅增加，与直肠 SCC 和 ADC 观察到的趋势类似。总之，肛门 SCC 和 ADC 可能具有不同的病因，但可能分别与直肠 SCC 和 ADC 具有相似的病因。许多恶性肿瘤，包括多发性骨髓瘤及其前兆、意义不明的单克隆丙种球蛋白病，都与血栓栓塞风险升高相关。关于华氏巨球蛋白血症 (WM) 和淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤 (LPL) 患者血栓形成风险的信息有限。通过瑞典集中患者登记中心获得了诊断 WM/LPL 后发生静脉和动脉血栓的信息，并随访至 2006 年。WM/LPL 患者发生静脉血栓的风险显着增加，并且观察到风险最高诊断后第一年（HR = 4.0，95% CI 2.5-6.4）。诊断后 5 年（HR = 2.3，95% CI 1.7-3.0）和 10 年（HR = 2.0，95% CI 1.6-2.5），风险显着升高。需要评估血栓预防在 WM/LPL 中的潜在作用，特别是在诊断后的第一年和接受血栓形成药物治疗的患者中，以进一步改善 WM/LPL 患者的预后。多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是美国（US）第二大常见的血液恶性肿瘤。目前尚无研究按年龄组、种族/民族和性别对美国未来 MM 发病率或负担进行详细预测。使用来自美国国家癌症研究所监测流行病学和最终结果计划的 1992-2011 年癌症发病率数据、一种新颖的年龄阶段队列预测模型以及美国人口普查局的人口预测构建了 2011 年至 2034 年的预测。尽管每 10 万人年的 MM 发病率在 2011 年至 2034 年期间将继续保持相当稳定，但由于人口变化，预计每年新发 MM 病例总数（负担）将在男性中增加 65%，在女性中增加 61% 。几乎所有这些增长都将发生在 64 至 84 岁的美国老年人中。 少数族裔病例的比例预计也会增加，男性从 29% 增加到 37%，女性从 34% 增加到 38%。