Urban planning, siting of air pollution sources, and asthma disparities

城市规划、空气污染源选址和哮喘差异

• 批准号: 10567693
• 负责人: Elizabeth C. Matsui
• 金额: $ 58.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-27 至 2027-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10567693
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Air; Air Pollution; Asthma; Black Populations; Black race; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Childhood Asthma; Cities; Communities; County; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Disparity; Emergency department visit; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Face; Fostering; Green space; Hazardous Waste; Health; Healthcare; Home; Individual; Inequity; Intervention; Latinx; Latinx population; Link; Location; Lung; Lung diseases; Measures; Minority; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pattern; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Power Plants; Pulmonary Inflammation; Race; Regulation; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Source; Testing; Texas; Work; design; environmental disparity; environmental health disparity; environmental justice; ethnic disparity; ethnic minority; evidence base; experience; fine particles; health disparity; hospitalization rates; lung health; minority communities; neighborhood disadvantage; novel strategies; pulmonary function; racial disparity; racial minority; segregation; sociodemographics; socioeconomic disadvantage; success; urban planning

PROJECT SUMMARY Racial and ethnic minority communities experience poorer outdoor air quality and face greater burdens of lung disease, particularly from asthma. The close proximity of minority neighborhoods to both fixed and mobile air pollution sources combined with the disproportionate burden of asthma morbidity among these populations supports the overarching hypothesis that racial and ethnic disparities in asthma are caused by urban planning policies that result in exposure to more toxic sources of air pollution (AP). We propose the following Specific Aims to test this hypothesis: 1) To characterize AP sources, estimate AP concentrations, and examine their associations with neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics across the State of Texas. 2) To identify the AP sources that contribute to racial and ethnic childhood asthma disparities. 3) To explore the effects of zoning and gentrification on the distribution of AP sources across neighborhoods in Travis County. Evidence supporting this hypothesis would constitute a major advance by (1) identifying AP sources that contribute directly to childhood lung health disparities and (2) linking urban planning decisions to inequities in the location of AP sources. The proposed work would fill a critical evidence gap needed to develop new approaches to AP regulation and urban planning, which would be strongly positioned to meaningfully reduce lung health health disparities.

项目概要 少数种族和族裔社区的室外空气质量较差，并面临更大的肺部负担 疾病，特别是哮喘。少数族裔社区距离固定和移动空气非常近 污染源加上这些人群中不成比例的哮喘发病率负担 支持这样一个总体假设：哮喘的种族和民族差异是由城市造成的 规划导致接触更多有毒空气污染源（AP）的政策。我们建议 检验这一假设的具体目标如下： 1) 描述 AP 来源、估计 AP 浓度，以及 检查他们与德克萨斯州社区社会人口特征的关联。 2） 确定导致种族和民族儿童哮喘差异的 AP 来源。 3）探索 分区和高档化对特拉维斯县各社区的污染物源分布的影响。 支持这一假设的证据将构成一项重大进步，因为（1）确定美联社来源 直接造成儿童肺部健康差异；(2) 将城市规划决策与不平等联系起来 AP 源的位置。拟议的工作将填补开发新产品所需的关键证据空白 影响因素监管和城市规划的方法，这些方法将有力地有效地减少 肺部健康状况差异。