Low-income mothers' and fathers' parenting practices and toddlers' self-regulation

低收入父母的养育方式和幼儿的自我调节

• 批准号: 10742570
• 负责人: Natasha J Cabrera
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-07 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10742570
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Achievement; Address; Adult; Age; Assertiveness; Behavior; Books; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Development; Child Health; Child Rearing; Data; Data Set; Demographic Factors; Development; Disadvantaged; Discipline; Educational Status; Emotions; Exclusion; Exhibits; Family; Fathers; Funding; Gender; Goals; Happiness; Heterogeneity; Home; Household; Human; ICAM1 gene; Individual Differences; Infant; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Knowledge; Latinx; Low income; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nursery Schools; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Paternal Behavior; Pattern; Performance; Play; Population; Process; Punishment; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Sampling; Schools; Science; Social Development; Social Functioning; Source; Standardization; Stereotyping; Stress; Structure; Temperament; Testing; Thinking; Time; Toddler; Underrepresented Populations; adolescent health; dyadic interaction; early childhood; early experience; economic disparity; ethnic diversity; ethnic minority; father child interaction; improved; infancy; insight; intervention program; intervention refinement; minority children; peer; physical conditioning; protective factors; psychologic; skills; supportive environment; teacher; treatment effect

Project Summary (30 lines max) Across early childhood, children show great improvements in their self-regulation (SR: e.g., persisting on a task), which enables them to regulate their thoughts, behaviors, and emotionsm (McClelland et al., 2010). SR skills are critical for later academic achievement, mental and physical health (Robson et al., 2020). Researchers have observed individual differences as early as 4 (Kochanska & Knaack, 2003). As a group, children from low-income backgrounds are at greater risk for exhibiting poor SR (Wanless et al., 2011). Yet, many of these children perform as well as their wealthier peers on tests of SR (Raikes et al., 2007). One source of this variability is caregivers’ parenting behaviors, including the quality of parenting (sensitivity, intrusiveness and dyadic interaction) and parenting practices (compliance), predict SR (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006). Highly sensitive parents who use gentle control (e.g., reasoning) and help their children regulate their emotions have stronger SR skills than parents who are intrusive, use more power- assertive compliance (e.g., threatening punishment), and do not help their children regulate their emotions (Kopystynska et al., 2016). However, with few exceptions, these studies have been primarily based on White middle-class mothers. Less is known about the parenting behaviors of low-income ethnic minority parents, particularly fathers, and how they are longitudinally related to SR. To address these gaps, this proposal examines the heterogeneity in low-income ethnic minority mothers’ and fathers’ levels and changes in parenting behaviors (quality of parenting and parenting practices) from 9 thru 30 months; (2) demographic and psychological predictors as well as treatment effects of changes in parenting behaviors; and (3) the associations between mothers’ and fathers’ change in parenting behaviors from 9 thru 30 months and toddlers’ SR at 24 and 30 months, controlling for demographic factors. The analytic sample consists low-income ethnic minority parents (N = 281) participating in the Baby Books 2 Project, a NICHD-funded RCT of a parenting intervention for first-time parents with infants. The levels and change in the quality of parent interactions and parenting practices will be assessed during a semi-structured task when children are 9 and 18 months. Toddlers’ SR performance and strategies during a snack-delay task will be assessed at 24 and 30 months. This research will inform normative patterns of development in underrepresented groups and mechanisms that intervention programs can target to support low-income ethnic minority children’s SR, which can help to narrow achievement-related gaps at school entry.

项目摘要（最多 30 行） 在整个幼儿期，儿童在自我调节方面表现出巨大进步（SR：例如， 坚持一项任务），这使他们能够调节自己的思想、行为和情绪 (McClelland et al., 2010) SR 技能对于以后的学业成就、心理和健康至关重要。 身体健康（Robson et al., 2020）研究人员很早就观察到了个体差异。 4（Kochanska & Knaack，2003）作为一个群体，来自低收入背景的儿童处于 表现出较差 SR 的风险更大（Wanless 等人，2011 年）。 以及他们的富裕同龄人在 SR 测试中的表现（Raikes 等，2007）。 照顾者的养育行为，包括养育质量（敏感性、侵入性和 双向互动）和养育实践（顺从），预测 SR（Bronfenbrenner & Morris， 2006）使用温和的控制（例如推理）并帮助孩子的高度敏感的父母。 调节情绪的父母比那些爱管闲事、使用更多权力的父母有更强的SR技能- 坚决服从（例如，威胁性惩罚），并且不帮助孩子调节 他们的情绪（Kopystynska et al., 2016）然而，除了少数例外，这些研究都表明了这一点。 主要是基于白人中产阶级母亲的养育方式。 低收入少数族裔父母，尤其是父亲的行为，以及他们的状况 为了解决这些差距，本提案检查了 SR 的异质性。 低收入少数民族母亲和父亲的水平及养育行为的变化 （育儿质量和育儿实践）从 9 个月到 30 个月；(2) 人口统计和 心理预测因素以及养育行为变化的治疗效果；以及（3） 9点到30点母亲和父亲养育行为变化之间的关联 个月以及幼儿 24 个月和 30 个月时的 SR（控制人口因素）。 样本由参与 Baby Books 2 的低收入少数族裔家长 (N = 281) 组成 该项目是 NICHD 资助的一项随机对照试验，针对首次当父母的婴儿进行育儿干预。 父母互动和育儿实践的水平和质量变化将 当儿童 9 个月和 18 个月时，在半结构化任务中评估幼儿的 SR。 零食延迟任务期间的表现和策略将在 24 个月和 30 个月时进行评估。 研究将为代表性不足群体的发展规范模式提供信息 干预计划可以针对支持低收入少数民族的机制 儿童的 SR，有助于缩小入学时与成绩相关的差距。