Measuring the impact of structural racism and discrimination during adolescence on substance use, psychological distress

衡量青春期结构性种族主义和歧视对药物使用和心理困扰的影响

• 批准号: 10757238
• 负责人: Nisha Gottfredson O'Shea
• 金额: $ 51.46万
• 依托单位: RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-15 至 2026-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10757238
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; American; Black American; Black Populations; Black race; Buffers; Censuses; Characteristics; Child; Communities; Community Surveys; County; Data; Data Sources; Development; Dimensions; Discrimination; Eligibility Determination; Exposure to; Future; Goals; Health; Housing; Intervention; Legal system; Maps; Measures; Mediation; Mental Health; Neighborhoods; North Carolina; Outcome; Participant; Penetration; Positioning Attribute; Property; Race; Racial Segregation; Records; Schools; Structural Racism; Students; Surveys; Suspensions; Taxes; combat; emerging adulthood; experience; high risk; innovation; neighborhood disadvantage; peer networks; psychological distress; racial bias; racial diversity; resilience; resilience factor; rural counties; rural setting; service organization; substance use; twelfth grade; virtual

Project Summary Our overarching goal is to study the unique and interactive effects of adolescent experiences with SRD on interactions with the criminal legal system, mental health substance use, and treatment-seeking in adulthood. We will also assess the buffering effects of hypothesized community resilience factors that may be leveraged to combat the effects of SRD. We will extend The Contexts Study, a large (n=6982), seven-wave panel study of public-school children in three racially diverse (37% Black; 50% White), predominantly rural counties in North Carolina. At wave one, collected in 2002, all 6th, 7th, and 8th graders attending a public school in the three counties were eligible; the final wave occurred when participants were in 10th-12th grade. Context includes extensive panel data on peer networks and comprehensive residential geocodes for participants. Today, participants are in their early 30s. We propose to collect one additional wave of survey data and augment existing data with administrative records. With data on adult outcomes, we will be uniquely positioned to understand and combat SRD and its negative effects on developmental trajectories from adolescence to adulthood. We will draw from a variety of data sources to construct innovative, multi-dimensional measures of SRD, capturing adolescent SRD exposure within schools, peer networks, and neighborhoods. To achieve this, measures will draw from adolescent peer network characteristics, students’ school records, public criminal records, the Census, county tax-value property assessments, Google Maps, the American Community Survey, and adolescent and adult surveys. Our specific aims are: Aim 1. Measure effects of SRD exposure on adolescent trajectories of mental health, substance use, and suspension or expulsion. SRD exposures include: racially segregated peer networks and neighborhoods, racially disproportionate disciplinary actions, neighborhood disadvantage, racially biased housing values and disproportionate penetration by predatory lenders. We hypothesize that cumulative and lagged SRD exposure during adolescence results in worse outcomes for Black but not White adolescents, and that Black individuals experiencing greater levels of SRD will have worse outcomes than Black individuals with fewer exposures. Aim 2. a) Measure the degree to which adolescent exposure to SRD explains mental health and treatment-seeking, substance use, and criminal legal system involvement in adulthood; b) Use mediation analysis to determine the extent to which SRD exposure during adulthood accounts for the effects of adolescent SRD on adult outcomes. We hypothesize that there will be unique effects of adolescent SRD exposure that are not fully explained by SRD exposure during emerging adulthood. Aim 3. Determine the extent to which the effects of adolescent SRD exposure on adult outcomes are moderated by community resilience factors (operationalized as residential stability, voluntary service organizations, mobilization, and collective efficacy). We hypothesize that effects of SRD exposure will be partially buffered by high community resilience during adolescence or adulthood.

项目概要 我们的首要目标是研究青少年经历 SRD 的独特和互动影响 与刑事法律系统的互动、精神健康药物的使用以及成年后寻求治疗。 我们还将评估可利用的社区复原力因素的缓冲效应 为了对抗 SRD 的影响，我们将扩展背景研究，这是一项大型（n=6982）七波小组研究。 三个不同种族（37% 黑人；50% 白人）的公立学校儿童的比例，主要是 北卡罗来纳州。在 2002 年收集的第一波中，所有六年级、七年级和八年级学生就读于该州的一所公立学校。 三个县符合资格；最后一波发生在参与者 10 至 12 年级的情况下。 包括有关同行网络的广泛面板数据和参与者的综合住宅地理编码。 今天，参与者都在 30 岁出头，我们建议再收集一波调查数据并进行调查。 通过管理记录来扩充现有数据，我们将处于独特的地位。 了解和对抗 SRD 及其对从青春期到青春期发展轨迹的负面影响 我们将从各种数据源中构建创新的、多维度的衡量标准。 SRD，捕捉青少年在学校、同伴网络和社区中的 SRD 暴露情况。 措施将借鉴青少年同伴网络特征、学生的学校记录、公共犯罪 记录、人口普查、县税收价值财产评估、谷歌地图、美国社区调查、 我们的具体目标是： 目标 1. 衡量 SRD 暴露对健康的影响。 青少年心理健康、物质使用和停学或开除暴露的轨迹包括： 种族隔离的同伴网络和社区、种族不相称的纪律处分、 邻里劣势、种族偏见的住房价值以及掠夺性的过度渗透 我们发现，青春期期间累积和滞后的 SRD 风险会导致更糟糕的结果。 黑人青少年而非白人青少年的结果，并且黑人个体经历了更高水平的 SRD 与接触较少的黑人相比，其结果会更差。 目标 2. a) 衡量其程度。 青少年接触 SRD 解释了心理健康和寻求治疗、药物滥用和刑事法律 b) 使用中介分析来确定 SRD 暴露的程度 我们发现，在成年期，青少年 SRD 对成年结果会产生影响。 青少年 SRD 暴露的独特影响不能用新兴时期的 SRD 暴露完全解释 目标 3. 确定青少年 SRD 暴露对成年结局的影响程度。 受到社区复原力因素的调节（具体化为居住稳定性、志愿服务 组织、动员和集体效能）我们追求 SRD 暴露的影响。 青春期或成年期的高社区复原力部分缓冲了这一影响。