Role of open dumping and open burning of solid waste in the generation of microplastics and products of incomplete combustion on tribal lands

露天倾倒和露天燃烧固体废物在部落土地上微塑料和不完全燃烧产物的产生中的作用

• 批准号: 10589160
• 负责人: Jorge Gonzalez Estrella
• 金额: $ 26.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10589160
• 关键词: Address; Air; Attention; Biophysics; Burn injury; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Monoxide; Cellular Structures; Characteristics; Chemicals; Chemistry; Cheyenne; Communities; Crows; Dioxins; Disparity; Ecosystem; Environment; Environmental Health; Environmental Pollution; Exposure to; Fire - disasters; Food; Gases; Generations; Goals; Hand; Health; Heavy Metals; Human; Hydrogen Sulfide; Infection; Infrastructure; Investigation; Mechanics; Medicine; Methodology; Microbe; Microscopy; Monitor; Morphology; Native Americans; Navajo; Odors; Particulate Matter; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Personal Communication; Photosynthesis; Plague; Plant Roots; Plants; Plastics; Poison; Pollution; Practice Management; Process; Reaction; Refuse Disposal; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk; Role; Sampling; Silicones; Sioux Indians; Site; Soil; Solid; Spectrum Analysis; Surface; Symbiosis; System; Testing; Toxic effect; Tribes; Waste Management; Water; Weather; Wildfire; chemical property; chemical release; combustion product; environmental disparity; experimental study; exposure pathway; greenhouse gases; health equity; insight; laboratory experiment; monomer; physical property; plant growth/development; tool; transmission process; tribal community; tribal lands; volatile organic compound; wasting; water vapor

Project Summary “Role of Open Dumping And Open Burning Of Solid Waste In The Generation Of Microplastics And Products Of Incomplete Combustion On Tribal Lands” This research project addresses two critical issues in tribal lands caused by open dumping and burning: 1) potential generation of secondary microplastics which are currently under intense investigation worldwide due to their unknown health and environmental effects and 2) generation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which include a wide array of potential toxic substances. Open dumping and burning practices are common in tribal lands posing potential health to communities located nearby. Open dumping enables plague propagation, infection transmission, wildfire fire generation, greenhouse gas emission, water and solid ecosystems pollution, and bad odor emissions among other undesired effects. Open burning in addition to producing typical combustion products (e.g., carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, hydrogen sulfide) generates products of incomplete combustion. Products of incomplete combustion include greenhouse gases, reactive trace gases, VOCs, semi-VOCs, dioxins, and other toxic compounds, ashes, and particulate matter. Secondary microplastics are a potential product of incomplete combustion. Secondary microplastics are plastic materials generated by the fragmentation of larger plastic pieces. Despite the disparities in infrastructure that increase the likelihood of microplastics generation on tribal lands, their occurrence due to open burning practices and their effect on environment and health in tribal lands is largely unknown. We hypothesize that open dumping and burning practices generate and propagate microplastics and toxic VOCs in air, water, and soil enabling the exposure of communities located in proximity to waste disposal sites. The goal of the proposed project is to better understand the disparate environmental and health impacts of dumping and burning in tribal communities. We will partner with communities in Crow, Navajo, and Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe for this investigation. We propose the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1: Identify changes in physical and chemical properties of plastics from open burning activities and propagation pathways through the environment in lab scale experiments and field Specific Aim 2: Identify the potential exposure pathways and the environmental biophysical impacts of plastics from open burning activities in soil-plant-air systems. Specific Aim 3: Identify patterns in release of VOC, PAH, and dioxins released from open burning activities. Each tribal community likely has unique burning practices, thus the identification of both common and distinct patterns will help inform mitigation strategies that can be applied broadly or can be specifically tailored by community.

项目摘要“露天倾倒和露天焚烧固体废物在产生 部落土地上的微塑料和不完全燃烧产物” 该研究项目解决了部落土地上露天倾倒和焚烧造成的两个关键问题：1) 潜在产生的二次微塑料目前正在全世界范围内进行深入研究，原因是 其未知的健康和环境影响以及 2) 挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的产生 其中包括多种潜在有毒物质，露天倾倒和燃烧做法在这些地区很常见。 部落土地对附近社区构成潜在健康威胁，导致鼠疫传播。 感染传播、野火产生、温室气体排放、水和固体生态系统污染、 除了产生典型的影响外，露天燃烧还会产生难闻的气味。 燃烧产物（例如一氧化碳、二氧化碳、水蒸气、硫化氢）产生 不完全燃烧的产物 不完全燃烧的产物包括温室气体、反应性气体。 微量气体、挥发性有机化合物、半挥发性有机化合物、二恶英和其他有毒化合物、灰烬和颗粒物。 微塑料是不完全燃烧的潜在产物，二次微塑料是塑料材料。 尽管基础设施的差距不断扩大，但仍由较大塑料碎片产生。 部落土地上产生微塑料的可能性、由于露天焚烧而产生的微塑料以及发生情况 它们对部落土地的环境和健康的影响在很大程度上是未知的。 和燃烧做法会在空气、水和土壤中产生并传播微塑料和有毒挥发性有机化合物，从而使 拟议项目的目标是减少废物处理场附近社区的暴露。 更好地了解部落倾倒和焚烧对环境和健康的不同影响 为此，我们将与克罗、纳瓦霍和夏安河苏族部落的社区合作。 我们提出以下具体目标： 具体目标 1：确定身体和身体状况的变化。 露天燃烧活动和环境传播途径产生的塑料化学特性 在实验室规模的实验和现场具体目标 2：确定潜在的暴露途径和 土壤-植物-空气系统中露天燃烧活动对塑料的环境生物物理影响。 目标 3：确定每个部落露天焚烧活动释放的 VOC、PAH 和二恶英的释放模式。 社区可能有独特的燃烧做法，因此共同和独特模式的识别将 帮助告知可广泛应用或可由社区专门定制的缓解策略。