Research and Mentoring in AA-related Mechanisms of Change

AA 相关变革机制的研究和指导

• 批准号: 8902747
• 负责人: J. SCOTT TONIGAN
• 金额: $ 17.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-05 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8902747
• 关键词: Abstinence; Accounting; Achievement; Address; Alcohol dependence; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcoholics Anonymous; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Area; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Model; Belief; Books; Cocaine; Cognitive; Collaborations; Coping Skills; Data; Decision Making; Development Plans; Distal; Educational workshop; Emotions; Exanthema; Exercise; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Health; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Meditation; Mentors; Modeling; Nature; Neurocognitive; Neuropsychology; Outcome; Patient Self-Report; Pilot Projects; Prayers; Process; Quality of life; Reaction Time; Recovery; Relapse; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Scientist; Severities; Signal Transduction; Structure; Sum; System; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Tobacco; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; addiction; base; behavior measurement; brain behavior; career; career development; discount; discounting; drinking behavior; executive function; experience; indexing; longitudinal design; meetings; member; neurobehavioral; non-alcoholic; patient oriented research; problem drinker; prospective; rehearsal; relating to nervous system; research study; response; skills; substance abuser; symposium; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is helpful to many, but not all, substance abusers. Eight studies have now reported that increased spiritual practices account, in part, for AA-related benefit. Our work indicates that increased prayer and meditation "drive" the salutary actions of spiritual practices although the underlying reasons for this effect have yet to be investigated. This revised application responds to PA-11-195, Mid-Career Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24), and seeks 50% protected time for 5 years for Dr.Tonigan to initiate a new line of AA research that investigates whether self-reported increases in spiritual practices mobilize reductions in immediate reward bias (Boettiger et al., 2007), a cognitive-behavioral effect that would provide far-reaching protective benefit against relapse. The proposed research is highly significant because it represents one of the first theory-driven efforts to integrate self-report and behavioral data to understand underlying change processes in AA. The overall objective of the career development plan (25% FTE) is to provide Dr. Tonigan with the knowledge and skills that are necessary to initiate the investigation of the executive and impulsive-based decision-making systems underlying immediate reward bias (Bickel et al., 2011).To this end, coursework is proposed in the areas of neurocognitive measurement, impaired executive functioning and impulsivity, and brain-behavior neural linkages. Structured collaborations will consolidate and deepen these knowledge gains in addition to providing "hands-on" training in the administration and analysis of behavioral measures that are central to study immediate reward bias. Statistical workshops are also proposed to strengthen Dr. Tonigan's ability to use categorical outcomes in unbalanced longitudinal designs. A single- group longitudinal study of early AA members (N = 100) is proposed. Prospective hypotheses are guided by an empirically supported model of neurobehavioral decision-making processes (Bickel, et al., 2001), and will be tested using measures of self-reported prayer practices, stop-signal reaction time, impulsivity, and delay discounting rates collected five-times over 12-months. Protected time is also requested to mentor four outstanding prospective scientists focused on alcohol-related change mechanism research (25% FTE). The mentoring plan includes weekly meetings with mentees, clear mentoring objectives, and an annual conference for mentees to present their current work and future plans to local NIH investigators. The career development activities, pilot research, and mentoring aims are tightly integrated and mutually reinforcing. Achievement of the revised K24 aims will (1) add significant momentum to the career trajectories of four outstanding prospective investigators, and (2) will provide Dr. Tonigan with the necessary foundation and pilot data to launch a line of AA-based research that significantly advances how processes of change are studied in AA.

描述（由申请人提供）：酗酒者匿名（AA）对许多（但不是全部）滥用药物有帮助。现在，八项研究报告说，增加精神实践的部分原因是与AA相关的利益。我们的工作表明，增加祈祷和冥想“驱动”精神实践的有益行动，尽管这种效果的根本原因 尚待调查。 This revised application responds to PA-11-195, Mid-Career Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24), and seeks 50% protected time for 5 years for Dr.Tonigan to initiate a new line of AA research that investigates whether self-reported increases in spiritual practices mobilize reductions in immediate reward bias (Boettiger et al., 2007), a cognitive-behavioral effect that would provide far-reaching protective benefit反对复发。拟议的研究非常重要，因为它代表了将自我报告和行为数据整合以了解AA中的基本变化过程的第一个驱动的努力之一。职业发展计划的总体目标（25％FTE）是为托尼根博士提供知识和技能，这些知识和技能是启动对高管调查的必要的知识和技能 基于直接奖励偏见的基于冲动的决策系统（Bickel等，2011）。为此，在神经认知测量，执行功能和冲动性受损以及大脑行为神经联系的领域提出了课程。结构化的合作还将巩固和加深这些知识的收益，除了在管理和分析行为措施中提供“动手”培训，这些培训是研究立即奖励偏见的核心。还提出了统计研讨会，以增强Tonigan博士在不平衡纵向设计中使用分类结果的能力。提出了早期AA成员（n = 100）的单组纵向研究。前瞻性假设以神经行为决策过程的经验支持模型为指导（Bickel等，2001），并将使用自我报告的祈祷实践，停止信号反应时间，冲动性，冲动性和延迟折现率在12个月中收集的五倍的折现率进行测试。还要求受保护的时间指导四名专注于酒精相关的变革机制研究（25％FTE）的杰出前瞻性科学家。指导计划包括与受训者的每周会议，明确的指导目标以及年度会议，供受训者向当地的NIH调查人员介绍他们当前的工作和未来计划。职业发展活动，试点研究和指导目标是紧密整合和相互加强的。修订后的K24 Aims的实现将（1）为四名杰出的潜在调查人员的职业轨迹增加巨大的动力，（2）将为Tonigan博士提供 借助必要的基础和试点数据启动了一系列基于AA的研究，这些研究大大提高了AA中的变更过程的方式。