Agricultural Livelihoods, Food Security, and Women's Risk of HIV Infection

农业生计、粮食安全和妇女感染艾滋病毒的风险

• 批准号: 8827632
• 负责人: Sandra I McCoy
• 金额: $ 17.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-05-13 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8827632
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Address; Advisory Committees; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Agriculture; Attention; Award; Behavioral Sciences; California; Child; Complex; Data; Data Analyses; Decision Making; Dependence; Developing Countries; Development; Economic Development; Economic Factors; Economics; Education; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Face; Farming environment; Female; Fertilizers; Focus Groups; Food; Foundations; Funding; Future; Goals; Government; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV risk; Head; Health; Household; Impact evaluation; Incidence; Income; Institution; Interdisciplinary Study; International; Intervention; Interview; Lead; Left; Life; Link; Measures; Mediation; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Ownership; Pathway interactions; Pilot Projects; Play; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Predisposition; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Preventive Intervention; Productivity; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Prostitution; Publications; Qualitative Research; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Resources; Risk; Role; Rural; Safety; Schools; Security; Seeds; Sex Behavior; Shapes; Tanzania; Training; Universities; Woman; Work; World Bank; base; career; career development; cohort; condoms; design; development policy; didactic education; empowered; empowerment; experimental analysis; farmer; follow-up; food security; girls; global health; high risk; high risk sexual behavior; improved; innovation; men; multidisciplinary; pandemic disease; population based; programs; response; responsible research conduct; rural area; sex; sexual risk taking; skills; social; therapy development; voucher

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award will provide advanced training for the candidate to become an independent investigator focusing on HIV prevention strategies that link epidemiology, behavioral science, and economic development. The long-term goal of the investigator is to develop, implement, and evaluate innovative and multidisciplinary interventions to reduce the incidence of HIV infection among women and girls in the developing world. The proposed scope of work includes both training and research components that capitalize on the rich interdisciplinary research environment at the University of California, Berkeley as well as the institutions of the candidate's advisory committee. The training component forms the foundation of the proposal and includes two senior mentors, a panel of advisors with complementary expertise, didactic education, skill development, and mentored research such that at the completion of the award the candidate will be well-positioned for an independent research career. The training plan has been developed in parallel with the mentored research plan such that when new education and skills are obtained they can be immediately applied to the relevant aspects of the research program. Four training objectives will be accomplished during the course of this award: (1) obtain education in the responsible conduct of research, economics, and international development policy; (2) obtain practical skills in agricultural and resource economics, intervention development, and the conduct and analysis of experimental epidemiological studies; (3) complete a mentored research program to design and pilot an HIV prevention intervention; and (4) become an independent investigator through building the publication record, mentoring by subject matter experts, and generating pilot data for a future proposal. The goal of the research component is to examine how the economic context shapes women's vulnerability to HIV infection in rural Tanzania and to pilot an intervention to economically empower women farmers and reduce HIV infection. The promotion of women's economic empowerment is increasingly viewed as a promising approach to HIV prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa as the lack of access to and control over economic resources heightens susceptibility to HIV infection. This proposal takes an innovative approach to HIV prevention by focusing on agriculture, which is inextricably linked to poverty and food security in the developing world. However, few interventions have systematically integrated agricultural livelihoods, food security, and HIV prevention. The research aims are to: (1) investigate the potential for a sustainable agriculture-based livelihood intervention to reduce the risk of HIV infection among women farmers in Tanzania; (2) determine the effect of household income, food insecurity, and land ownership on sexual risk-taking among female-headed farming households in Tanzania; and (3) conduct a pilot study of a sustainable agriculture- based livelihood intervention for women farmers in Tanzania to improve household income and food security and reduce sexual risk-taking. This study will provide quantitative and qualitative evidence to determine whether a future trial is merited for the intervention. There is a clear need for empirical evidence about the effects of economic insecurity on HIV vulnerability. In addition, the development of multi-sectoral responses to prevention that can address the entwined economic, social, and contextual risks with which African women contend is imperative. This proposal has been designed to address both of these needs and the results will have important implications for future responses to the HIV pandemic.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项K01指导的研究科学家发展奖将为候选人提供高级培训，使候选人成为专注于预防艾滋病毒预防策略的独立研究者，这些策略将流行病学，行为科学和经济发展联系起来。研究人员的长期目标是开发，实施和评估创新和多学科的干预措施，以减少发展中国家妇女和女童的艾滋病毒感染发生率。拟议的工作范围包括培训和研究组成部分，这些组件利用了加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的丰富跨学科研究环境以及候选人咨询委员会的机构。培训组成部分构成了该提案的基础，包括两位高级导师，一个具有互补专业知识，教学教育，技能发展和指导研究的顾问小组，以便在奖励完成后，候选人将在独立研究职业中置于良好的位置。该培训计划与指导的研究计划并行制定，以便在获得新的教育和技能时可以立即应用于研究计划的相关方面。在本奖项期间，将实现四个培训目标：（1）在负责任的研究，经济学和国际发展政策中获得教育； （2）获得农业和资源经济学，干预发展以及实验流行病学研究的行为和分析的实践技能； （3）完成一项指导的研究计划，以设计和驾驶HIV预防干预； （4）通过建立出版记录，由主题专家指导以及为未来的提案生成试点数据，成为独立的研究者。研究部分的目的是研究坦桑尼亚农村地区妇女对艾滋病毒感染的脆弱性，并试行干预经济上赋予女性农民权力并减少艾滋病毒感染的干预措施。由于缺乏获得和控制经济资源的控制增强了对艾滋病毒感染的敏感性，因此越来越多地将促进妇女赋予妇女的赋权促进被视为一种有前途的预防艾滋病毒艾滋病毒方法。该提案通过关注农业来采用一种创新的预防艾滋病毒预防方法，这与发展中国家的贫困和粮食安全密不可分。但是，很少有干预措施系统地整合了农业生计，粮食安全和预防艾滋病毒。该研究的目的是：（1）调查基于可持续农业的生计干预措施的潜力，以降低坦桑尼亚女性农民艾滋病毒感染的风险； （2）确定家庭收入，粮食不安全和土地所有权对坦桑尼亚女性耕种家庭性冒险的影响； （3）对坦桑尼亚女性农民的可持续农业谋生干预进行试点研究，以提高家庭收入和粮食安全并减少性冒险。这项研究将提供定量和定性的证据，以确定是否值得进行干预。显然需要关于经济不安全感对艾滋病毒脆弱性的影响的经验证据。此外，还必须针对非洲妇女辩称的纠缠的经济，社会和上下文风险的多部门对预防的反应的发展。该建议旨在满足这两个需求，结果将对未来对艾滋病毒大流行的反应具有重要意义。

项目成果

Transportation cost as a barrier to contraceptive use among women initiating treatment for HIV in Tanzania.

• DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1758613
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Hunter, Lauren A.;Prata, Ndola;Eskenazi, Brenda;Njau, Prosper F.;McCoy, Sandra I.
• 通讯作者: McCoy, Sandra I.

The heterogeneous effect of short-term transfers for improving ART adherence among HIV-infected Tanzanian adults

• DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1476666
• 发表时间: 2018-01-01
• 期刊: AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Kadota, Jillian L.;Fahey, Carolyn A.;McCoy, Sandra I.
• 通讯作者: McCoy, Sandra I.

Cash vs. food assistance to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in Tanzania.

• DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001406
• 发表时间: 2017-03-27
• 期刊: AIDS (London, England)
• 作者: McCoy SI;Njau PF;Fahey C;Kapologwe N;Kadiyala S;Jewell NP;Dow WH;Padian NS
• 通讯作者: Padian NS

Unmet need for family planning, contraceptive failure, and unintended pregnancy among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in Zimbabwe.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105320
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: McCoy SI;Buzdugan R;Ralph LJ;Mushavi A;Mahomva A;Hakobyan A;Watadzaushe C;Dirawo J;Cowan FM;Padian NS
• 通讯作者: Padian NS

Alcohol production as an adaptive livelihood strategy for women farmers in Tanzania and its potential for unintended consequences on women's reproductive health.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059343
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: McCoy SI;Ralph LJ;Wilson W;Padian NS
• 通讯作者: Padian NS