Relationships as psychological protective factors: Neural and behavioral markers

作为心理保护因素的关系：神经和行为标记

基本信息

批准号：
8912545
负责人：
Jamil Zaki
金额：
$ 20.06万
依托单位：
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-08-15 至 2016-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8912545
关键词：
Address Affect Affective Anxiety Area Basic Science Behavior Behavioral Biological Buffers Cardiovascular Diseases Characteristics Data Emotions Empathy Endocrine Endocrinology Family Friends Future Health Hybrids Hydrocortisone Individual Intervention Knowledge Laboratories Measures Mediating Mental Depression Mental Health Methods Modeling Mood Disorders Negative Valence Neurosecretory Systems Obesity Patient Self-Report Pattern Performance Personal Satisfaction Physiological Prize Process Provider Reporting Research Research Domain Criteria Rewards Risk Risk Factors Salivary Sampling Scientist Smoking Social Interaction Social Psychology Social isolation Social support Stress System Techniques Testing Work base cognitive neuroscience diaries experience follow-up hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis improved indexing insight member mortality novel physical conditioning prevent psychologic relating to nervous system response satisfaction scaffold social stress management stress reactivity stressor

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Relationships vitally support individuals' physical and mental health; social isolation, for instance, constitutes a powerful risk factor for mortality, cardiovascular disease, and mood disorders. The predominant scientific model of this phenomenon holds that social ties bolster health through stress buffering: reduced stress reactivity in the presence of supportive others. Although stress buffering offers considerable explanatory power, not all relationships reduce individuals' stress; some forms of support fail to reduce-and can even worsen-subjective and physiological indices of stress. Scientists have begun to examine the specific features of relationships and support behaviors that may moderate the effects of relationships on stress and mental health, but these efforts have been limited in at least two ways. First, this work focuses almost exclusively on relationship-level predictors of stress buffering (e.g., marital satisfaction) as opposed to characteristics of individuals who effectively buffer others' stress. This is especially important because research on empathy suggests that individuals who insightfully understand others' affective states (empathic accuracy) and tend to vicariously share those states (affect sharing) might also engage in prosocial and adaptive interpersonal behaviors. Second, existing work has tended to examine stress buffering using naturalistic self-report measures (e.g., daily diaries) or controlle laboratory tasks, but has rarely combined these techniques, preventing an integration of knowledge garnered by each approach. The proposed work will address these gaps in knowledge and propose a multilevel, integrative, and conceptually novel model of stress buffering. This model posits that empathic individuals provide high quality support that, in turn, reduces support recipients' stress and negative affect. We will test this model using a hybrid laboratory and field paradigm our group has recently developed. We will select pairs of close friends and examine empathy in one member of each pair through a behavioral marker of empathic accuracy-performance on an accuracy task we have developed-and a neural marker of affect sharing we have also developed-individuals' engagement of mesolimbic dopaminergic targets while watching their friend receive monetary prizes. Friend pairs will then complete daily diaries reporting on their patterns of stress and social support. Finally, we will collect samples f diurnal salivary cortisol-a canonical neuroendocrine measure of stress reactivity-and reports of sustained threat and loss (subdomains of the Negative Valence Systems RDoC domain), from the other member of the friend pair. We predict that neural and behavioral markers of empathy in support providers will predict support recipients' reductions in endocrine responses to stress, as well as reductions in subjective sustained threat and loss, and that this relationship will be mediated by the quality of support high empathy individuals provide. These data will provide multiple novel insights concerning the social underpinnings of psychological well-being and pave the way for translational work aimed at improving mental health on a broad scale.

描述（由申请人提供）：关系有力地支持个人的身心健康；例如，社会隔离构成了死亡率，心血管疾病和情绪障碍的强大风险因素。这种现象的主要科学模型认为，社会关系通过压力缓冲来增强健康：在支持他人的存在下，压力反应性降低。尽管压力缓冲具有相当大的解释力，但并非所有关系都会减少个人的压力；某些形式的支持无法减少，甚至可能恶化压力的主体和生理指标。科学家已经开始研究关系和支持行为的特定特征，这些特征可能会减轻关系对压力和心理健康的影响，但是这些努力至少有两种方式受到限制。首先，这项工作几乎完全集中在压力缓冲的关系级预测因素（例如婚姻满意度），而不是有效缓解他人压力的个体的特征。这尤其重要，因为对同理心的研究表明，有见识的人理解他人的情感状态（同理心准确性）并倾向于替代地共享这些状态（影响共享）也可能从事亲社会和适应性的人际关系行为。其次，现有的工作倾向于使用自然主义的自我报告措施（例如，每日日记）或控制实验室任务检查压力缓冲，但很少将这些技术结合在一起，从而阻止了每种方法获得的知识的整合。拟议的工作将解决知识的这些差距，并提出一个多级，综合性和概念性新颖的压力缓冲模型。该模型认为，善解人意的人提供高质量的支持，反过来又减少了支持者的压力和负面影响。我们将使用我们的小组最近开发的混合实验室和现场范式测试该模型。我们将选择成对的亲密朋友，并通过与我们已经开发的精确任务的行为标记，通过同理心准确性绩效的行为标记来检查同情，这是我们开发的精确任务，以及情感共享的神经标志物，我们还发达了生物杂物的多巴胺能目标，同时看着他们的朋友收到单股票。然后，朋友对将完成每日日记，报告其压力和社会支持的模式。最后，我们将从朋友对的另一个成员中收集样品f diurnal唾液皮质醇-A规范的神经内分泌测量压力反应性和持续威胁和损失的报告（负价系统RDOC域的子域）。我们预测，支持提供者的同理心的神经和行为标志物将预测支持者对压力的内分泌反应的减少，并减少主观的持续威胁和损失，并且这种关系将由支持高移情个人提供的质量介导。这些数据将提供有关心理健康的社会基础的多种新颖见解，并为旨在在广泛改善心理健康方面的转化工作铺平了道路。