An Olfactory Method for Controlling Cigarette Craving - Supplement

控制香烟渴望的嗅觉方法 - 补充

• 批准号: 8988066
• 负责人: MICHAEL Andrew SAYETTE
• 金额: $ 5.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-01 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8988066
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; Affect; Attenuated; Automobile Driving; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Cigarette; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Computer Vision Systems; Computers; Coping Skills; Cues; Data; Dimensions; Discipline; Effectiveness; Emotional; Emotions; Episodic memory; Face; Facial Expression; Familiarity; Gender; Habits; Health; Impulsive Behavior; Individual; Individual Differences; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Learning; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Moods; Motivation; Neurobiology; Neurotic Disorders; Nicotine Dependence; Odors; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Personality; Persons; Pharmacological Treatment; Preventable cancer cause; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Research; Role; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Smell Perception; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Staging; Subgroup; Testing; Tobacco; Vision research; Withdrawal; Woman; addiction; base; cancer risk; cognitive process; coping; craving; effective therapy; heuristics; high risk; in vivo; innovation; insight; interest; nicotine patch; novel; novel strategies; olfactory stimulus; prevent; programs; research study; response; smoking cessation; smoking relapse; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette craving is a vital feature of smoking, which is the leading preventable cause of cancer. While smokers generally recognize this danger, during "hot" moments of temptation the appeal of smoking a cigarette rises, previously learned coping skills or "quit-smoking" messages may be either ignored or abandoned, and often the smoking habit persists. Despite its importance, research has struggled to develop effective treatments for craving relief and new innovative approaches are sorely needed. The proposed project addresses RFA-CA- 12-015: Research Answers to NCI's Provocative Questions (PQA3) by evaluating a novel bio-behavioral approach to help smokers reduce their cigarette cravings. Integrating basic theory and research derived from three disciplines that rarely have been applied to smoking research (olfaction, emotion, and cognition), the proposed project aims to test the effectiveness of specific olfactory cues to reduce cigarette cravings. In addition - and pertinent to the RFA - this research tests a range of individual difference factors such as working memory, personality, motivation to quit, and gender, which prior theory and research suggest should moderate the craving-reducing effects of olfactory cues. As a consequence, the project will advance knowledge of why certain individuals may have particular trouble managing their cravings and refraining from smoking. Abstinent smokers (N=250) with varying motivations to quit will attend a multi-session experiment. Initially participants will sample and rate a serie of olfactory cues on several dimensions, including pleasantness, familiarity, and associated memories. Participants then will be exposed to in vivo smoking cues, which in the context of smoking abstinence, produce robust cigarette cravings. While at peak craving, they will be randomly assigned to sniff an odor that they had previously rated as either being most pleasant (and unrelated to smoking), a tobacco odor, or a neutral odor while urge, mood, and a novel set of craving-related responses derived from basic research in cognition and emotion (including Paul Ekman's Facial Action Coding System) will be assessed. This research also will test key mechanisms of craving relief that relate to existing theories of craving and addiction. In addition the project will monitor the durability of this predicted odor- induced craving-relief within a sinle experimental session and across sessions conducted on different days. This conceptually-driven research is motivated by neurobiological and behavioral research indicating the unique power of olfaction to trigger emotional memories and to fundamentally alter emotional states such as craving. The proposed project will examine interactions between emotional and cognitive processes that, while craving, may serve to hamper effective coping, and will set the stage for future research testing the impact of olfaction - alone or combined with other agents (e.g., nicotine patches) - on smoking cessation. Irrespective of the outcome, the proposed research using a novel set of measures will provide critical data regarding the interaction of emotional and cognitive processes during craving.

描述（由申请人提供）：对香烟的渴望是吸烟的一个重要特征，吸烟是导致癌症的主要可预防原因。虽然吸烟者普遍认识到这种危险，但在“热”的诱惑时刻，吸烟的吸引力会上升，以前学到的应对技巧或“戒烟”信息可能会被忽视或放弃，并且吸烟习惯往往会持续存在。尽管它很重要，但研究一直在努力开发有效的治疗方法来缓解渴望，并且迫切需要新的创新方法。拟议项目通过评估一种新颖的生物行为方法来帮助吸烟者减少对香烟的渴望，从而解决 RFA-CA-12-015：NCI 挑衅性问题 (PQA3) 的研究答案。该项目整合了很少应用于吸烟研究的三个学科（嗅觉、情感和认知）的基础理论和研究，旨在测试特定嗅觉线索减少吸烟渴望的有效性。此外，与 RFA 相关的是，这项研究测试了一系列个体差异因素，如工作记忆、性格、戒烟动机和性别，先前的理论和研究表明，这些因素应该缓和嗅觉线索减少渴望的作用。因此，该项目将增进人们对为什么某些人在控制烟瘾和戒烟方面可能遇到特别困难的了解。 具有不同戒烟动机的戒烟者（N = 250）将参加多次实验。最初，参与者将从多个维度对一系列嗅觉线索进行采样和评分，包括愉悦感、熟悉度和相关记忆。然后，参与者将接触体内吸烟线索，在戒烟的情况下，这些线索会产生强烈的香烟渴望。在渴望达到顶峰时，他们将被随机分配去嗅一种他们之前认为最令人愉悦的气味（与吸烟无关）、烟草气味或中性气味，同时产生强烈的渴望、情绪和一组新颖的渴望- 来自认知和情感基础研究（包括 Paul Ekman 的面部动作编码系统）的相关反应将被评估。这项研究还将测试与现有的渴望和成瘾理论相关的渴望缓解的关键机制。此外，该项目还将在一次实验中以及在不同日期进行的实验中监测这种预测的气味引起的渴望缓解的持久性。 这项概念驱动的研究受到神经生物学和行为研究的推动，表明嗅觉具有触发情感记忆并从根本上改变渴望等情绪状态的独特力量。拟议的项目将研究情绪和认知过程之间的相互作用，这些过程在渴望的同时可能会妨碍有效的应对，并将为未来测试嗅觉影响的研究奠定基础——单独或与其他药物（例如尼古丁贴片）结合使用——关于戒烟。无论结果如何，拟议的研究使用一套新颖的措施将提供有关渴望期间情绪和认知过程相互作用的关键数据。