An Olfactory Method for Controlling Cigarette Craving

控制香烟渴望的嗅觉方法

• 批准号: 8685449
• 负责人: MICHAEL Andrew SAYETTE
• 金额: $ 30.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-01 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8685449
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; Affect; Attenuated; Automobile Driving; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Cancer Etiology; Cigarette; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Computer Vision Systems; Computers; Coping Skills; Cues; Data; Dimensions; Discipline; Effectiveness; Emotional; Emotions; Episodic memory; Face; Facial Expression; Familiarity; Gender; Habits; Impulsive Behavior; Individual; Individual Differences; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Learning; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Moods; Motivation; Neurobiology; Neurotic Disorders; Nicotine Dependence; Odors; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Personality; Persons; Pharmacological Treatment; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Research; Role; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Smell Perception; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Staging; Subgroup; Testing; Tobacco; Vision research; Withdrawal; Woman; addiction; base; cancer risk; coping; craving; effective therapy; heuristics; high risk; in vivo; innovation; insight; interest; nicotine patch; novel; novel strategies; olfactory stimulus; prevent; programs; public health relevance; research study; response; smoking cessation; smoking relapse; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette craving is a vital feature of smoking, which is the leading preventable cause of cancer. While smokers generally recognize this danger, during "hot" moments of temptation the appeal of smoking a cigarette rises, previously learned coping skills or "quit-smoking" messages may be either ignored or abandoned, and often the smoking habit persists. Despite its importance, research has struggled to develop effective treatments for craving relief and new innovative approaches are sorely needed. The proposed project addresses RFA-CA- 12-015: Research Answers to NCI's Provocative Questions (PQA3) by evaluating a novel bio-behavioral approach to help smokers reduce their cigarette cravings. Integrating basic theory and research derived from three disciplines that rarely have been applied to smoking research (olfaction, emotion, and cognition), the proposed project aims to test the effectiveness of specific olfactory cues to reduce cigarette cravings. In addition - and pertinent to the RFA - this research tests a range of individual difference factors such as working memory, personality, motivation to quit, and gender, which prior theory and research suggest should moderate the craving-reducing effects of olfactory cues. As a consequence, the project will advance knowledge of why certain individuals may have particular trouble managing their cravings and refraining from smoking. Abstinent smokers (N=250) with varying motivations to quit will attend a multi-session experiment. Initially participants will sample and rate a serie of olfactory cues on several dimensions, including pleasantness, familiarity, and associated memories. Participants then will be exposed to in vivo smoking cues, which in the context of smoking abstinence, produce robust cigarette cravings. While at peak craving, they will be randomly assigned to sniff an odor that they had previously rated as either being most pleasant (and unrelated to smoking), a tobacco odor, or a neutral odor while urge, mood, and a novel set of craving-related responses derived from basic research in cognition and emotion (including Paul Ekman's Facial Action Coding System) will be assessed. This research also will test key mechanisms of craving relief that relate to existing theories of craving and addiction. In addition the project will monitor the durability of this predicted odor- induced craving-relief within a sinle experimental session and across sessions conducted on different days. This conceptually-driven research is motivated by neurobiological and behavioral research indicating the unique power of olfaction to trigger emotional memories and to fundamentally alter emotional states such as craving. The proposed project will examine interactions between emotional and cognitive processes that, while craving, may serve to hamper effective coping, and will set the stage for future research testing the impact of olfaction - alone or combined with other agents (e.g., nicotine patches) - on smoking cessation. Irrespective of the outcome, the proposed research using a novel set of measures will provide critical data regarding the interaction of emotional and cognitive processes during craving.

描述（由申请人提供）：渴望香烟是吸烟的重要特征，这是癌症的主要预防原因。尽管吸烟者通常认识到这种危险，但在诱惑的“炎热”时刻，吸烟的吸引力兴起，以前学到的应对技巧或“退出吸烟”的信息可能会被忽略或放弃，并且通常会习惯吸烟习惯。尽管它很重要，但仍在努力开发渴望救济的有效治疗方法，并且非常需要新的创新方法。拟议的项目解决了RFA-CA-12-015：通过评估一种新型的生物行为方法来帮助吸烟者减少香烟的渴望，从而解决了NCI挑衅性问题（PQA3）的研究答案。拟议的项目旨在测试特定嗅觉提示的有效性以减少香烟渴望的有效性。另外 - 与RFA有关 - 本研究测试了一系列个体差异因素，例如工作记忆，人格，戒烟动机和性别，这是先前的理论和研究表明，这些因素应调节嗅觉线索的渴望减少效果。结果，该项目将促进为什么某些人在管理自己的渴望和避免吸烟方面可能会遇到麻烦。 戒烟者（n = 250）戒烟动机将参加多节奏实验。最初，参与者将在几个维度上取样并评估嗅觉线索，包括愉悦，熟悉和相关的记忆。然后，参与者将暴露于体内吸烟线索，在戒烟的背景下，会产生强烈的香烟渴望。在渴望达到高峰时，他们将被随机分配给他们以前被评为最愉快的气味（与吸烟无关），烟草异味，或中性气味，而渴望，情绪和新颖的渴望与渴望相关的反应得出的新型反应来自于认知和情感上的基础研究（包括Paul ekman facial facial Action Syne System System）。这项研究还将测试与现有的渴望和成瘾理论相关的渴望救济的关键机制。此外，该项目将监测这种预测的sinle实验性会议和在不同日期进行的会议中这种预测的气味诱发的渴望。 这项概念驱动的研究是由神经生物学和行为研究的动机，表明嗅觉的独特力量触发情感记忆并从根本上改变情绪状态（例如渴望）。拟议的项目将研究情绪和认知过程之间的相互作用，尽管渴望却可能会妨碍有效的应对，并为将来的研究奠定了舞台，以测试嗅觉的影响 - 单独或与其他药物（例如尼古丁斑块）结合使用 - 对戒烟。无论结果如何，都采用一组新型措施的拟议研究将提供有关渴望期间情绪和认知过程相互作用的关键数据。