Reinforcing Effects of Alcohol During Group Formation

酒精在群体形成过程中的强化作用

• 批准号: 7267115
• 负责人: MICHAEL Andrew SAYETTE
• 金额: $ 22.46万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-30 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7267115
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Anxiety; Behavior; Belief; Beverages; Characteristics; Classification; Code; Condition; Control Groups; Data; Dependence; Dose; Emotional; Emotions; Etiology; Extroversion; Face; Facial Expression; Female; Gender; Gender Role; Goals; Individual; Laboratory Study; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Object Attachment; Outcome Study; Pattern; Personality; Personality Traits; Persons; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Play; Process; Psychological Theory; Psychologist; Range; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Role; Series; Smiling; Social Environment; Speech; Stage Grouping; Statistical Models; Stream; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Woman; Women' s Group; Work; alcohol effect; alcohol use disorder; digital; drinking; emotional experience; experience; follow-up; interest; male; member; men; men' s group; non-alcoholic; response; sex; social; social attachment; social integration; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Social factors play a major role in alcohol use and dependence, but researchers rarely study the effects of alcohol in group settings. This project will systematically measure the effects of alcohol on positive and negative affect and social bonding during initial group formation, and determine if persons with personality traits posing a risk for alcoholism are more sensitive to these effects. Presumably, if such persons find effects of alcohol to be more rewarding, they will become more likely to rely on alcohol to regulate affect. Many of these traits are inherently social (e.g., extroversion), and this will be the first study to test their impact on the effects of alcohol in a social setting. Seven-hundred-twenty social drinkers will be assembled into 240 three-person groups of strangers (all female groups, groups with one male and two females, groups with two males and one female, and all male groups). All members of each group will drink over 30-min a moderate dose of alcohol (males: 0.82 g/kg; females: 0.74 g/kg), a placebo, or a nonalcoholic control drink. This group drinking period will be recorded using a digital control system that synchronizes multiple streams of video as interactions unfold over time. This system enables precise analysis of the duration and sequence of selected facial expressions and speech behaviors. The project will be informed by (a) social psychological theory and research on small groups, (b) advances in the systematic measurement of observed behavior, and (c) multi-level statistical modeling techniques that account for the nonindependence of group members. We will assess a variety of individual-level responses, including facial expressions related to positive and negative affect using Ekman et al's (2002) Facial Action Coding System. We also will assess a range of group-level responses, including coordination of smiling and speech behaviors. We predict that the belief that one has consumed alcohol will enhance positive affect, reduce negative affect (e.g., social anxiety), and facilitate social bonding during initial group formation (i.e., a placebo effect). Further, we predict that actual alcohol consumption will enhance social bonding processes beyond what is found with a placebo beverage. This study will be the first with sufficient power to comprehensively examine the moderating roles of gender and personality traits on the reinforcing effects of alcohol in groups. Regardless of the outcome, the study will provide critical data regarding observable effects of alcohol on social drinkers that will help illuminate the social and emotional determinants of drinking patterns and problems for men and women.

描述（由申请人提供）：社会因素在酒精使用和依赖性中起着重要作用，但是研究人员很少研究酒精在小组环境中的影响。该项目将系统地衡量酒精对初始小组形成期间正面和负面影响和社会联系的影响，并确定具有人格特征的人是否构成酗酒风险的人对这些影响更敏感。据推测，如果这些人发现酒精的影响更有意义，那么他们将变得更有可能依靠酒精来调节情感。这些特征中的许多都是固有的社会特征（例如，外向），这将是第一个测试其对酒精在社交环境中影响的影响的研究。 7220名社交饮酒者将组成240个三人组成的陌生人（所有女性群体，一群男性和两名女性，有两个男性和一名男性和一名女性，以及所有男性群体）。每组的所有成员都会喝30分钟以上的剂量（男性：0.82 g/kg；女性：0.74 g/kg），安慰剂或非酒精控制饮料。该组饮酒期将使用数字控制系统记录，该数字控制系统随着时间的流逝而同步多个视频流。该系统可以精确地分析选定面部表情和语音行为的持续时间和序列。 该项目将由（a）对小组的社会心理理论和研究，（b）系统测量的观察行为的进步，以及（c）占小组成员非独立性的多级统计建模技术。我们将评估各种个人水平响应，包括使用Ekman等人（2002）面部动作编码系统与正面和负面影响相关的面部表情。我们还将评估一系列小组级反应，包括微笑和语音行为的协调。 我们预测，人们认为饮酒会增强积极影响，减少负面影响（例如社交焦虑），并促进在初始组成期间的社会联系（即安慰剂效应）。此外，我们预测，实际饮酒将增强社会纽带的过程，而不是安慰剂饮料所发现的。这项研究将是第一个具有足够能力的能力，可以全面研究性别和人格特征对饮酒在组中增强效应的调节作用。无论结果如何，该研究将提供有关酒精对社交饮酒者的可观察影响的关键数据，这将有助于阐明男女饮酒模式和问题的社会和情感决定因素。