Neural circuits mediating food, pherome, and repulsive odor behaviors

介导食物、信息组和令人厌恶的气味行为的神经回路

基本信息

批准号：
8803378
负责人：
Christopher John Potter
金额：
$ 40.1万
依托单位：
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-03-25 至 2016-02-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8803378
关键词：
Accounting Address Affect Afferent Neurons Agriculture Animals Architecture Axon Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Assay Behavioral Genetics Biological Assay Brain Brain imaging Calcium Classification Code Communication Courtship Cues Data Dengue Detection Disease Drosophila genus Drosophila melanogaster Environment Eye Food Fright Genetic Genetic Techniques Genomics Health Horns Human Image Insect Control Insecta Lateral Life Ligands Light Link Lobe Malaria Mammals Maps Mass Fragmentography Mediating Menthol Modeling Molecular Molecular Biology Nature Neurons Nose Odorant Receptors Odors Olfactory Cortex Olfactory Pathways Olfactory Receptor Neurons Organism Output Pattern Perception Pest Control Pheromone Process Production Sensory Signal Pathway Signal Transduction Site Smell Perception Social Behavior Social Interaction Source System Testing Time Transgenic Organisms Translating Work base behavioral response egg fly insight male neural circuit novel olfactory sensory neurons olfactory stimulus receptor response sex vinegar fly

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The sense of smell is caused by odorants activating olfactory sensory neurons in the nose. A pivotal question in the field is how these neuronal activities give rise to odor perceptions. Since the neuronal architecture of the olfactory system i remarkably similar between insects and mammals, studying how the fly brain processes olfactory information could shed light on principles underlying olfaction in other organisms. We previously demonstrated that the olfactory cortex (lateral horn) is divided into two broad domains, one representing food odors and one representing pheromones. Therefore, this olfactory region, which to the naked eye looks homogenous, might be organized into olfactory processing centers that reflect biologically relevant information. These studies were based on simple classifications of odorants as being food or pheromone, but did not take into account the valence of the odorant - that is if it is behaviorally attractive or repulsive. Preliminary data frm our recent work suggests that aversive odors might represent a new processing center in the olfactory cortex. Using a combination of genetics, behavioral analyses, axon tracing, and brain imaging studies, we will test the hypothesis that (1) the olfactory cortex is organized into domains based on three important aspects of a fly's life: food, pheromones, and avoidance. Results from this work will allow us to link repulsive behaviors to their underlying neuronal components and thus model how newly identified and known aversive signals might be represented in the higher olfactory cortex. To understand how attractive signals such as attractive food odors and attractive pheromones are represented in the olfactory cortex, as well as how the olfactory system utilizes them to communicate relevant information regarding an animal's environment, we investigate a novel pheromone signaling system that we have identified. Our preliminary data suggests that this signaling system in Drosophila represents a behavioral link between food and pheromone signaling. Using a combination of genetics, molecular biology, GC-MS, calcium imaging, and electrophysiological recordings, we will test the hypothesis that (2) Drosophila secrete an attractive pheromone when stimulated by attractive food odors to tag sites for positive social behaviors such as egg laying or courtship. Results from the characterization of this new pheromone signaling mechanism will enrich our understanding of how olfactory communications are used to guide behavioral responses to a changing environment. The proposed studies are significant because we will gain insights into how aversive and attractive olfactory information is represented in higher processing centers of an olfactory system that could serve as a model for how olfactory perceptions are encoded in the brains of other animals.

描述（由申请人提供）：嗅觉是由气味剂激活鼻子中的嗅觉感觉神经元引起的。该领域的关键问题是这些神经元活动如何引起气味。由于嗅觉系统的神经元结构在昆虫和哺乳动物之间非常相似，因此研究蝇脑处理嗅觉信息如何阐明其他生物体中嗅觉的原理。我们先前证明了嗅觉皮层（侧角）分为两个宽区域，一个代表食物气味，另一种代表信息素。因此，对于肉眼看起来同质的这个嗅觉区域可能会组织成反映生物学上相关信息的嗅觉加工中心。这些研究是基于气味剂作为食物或信息素的简单分类，但没有考虑到气味的价值，也就是说，如果它在行为上有吸引力或令人反感。我们最近工作的初步数据表明，厌恶气味可能代表嗅觉皮层中的新加工中心。使用遗传学，行为分析，轴突追踪和大脑成像研究的结合，我们将基于苍蝇生命的三个重要方面将嗅觉皮质组织成域：食物，信息素和避免性。这项工作的结果将使我们能够将排斥行为与其潜在的神经元成分联系起来，从而模拟如何在较高的嗅觉皮层中表示新鉴定和已知的厌恶信号。为了了解嗅觉皮层中的有吸引力的信号（例如有吸引力的食物气味和吸引人的信息素），以及嗅觉系统如何利用它们来传达有关动物环境的相关信息，我们研究了我们已经确定的新型信息素信号传导系统。我们的初步数据表明，果蝇中的该信号系统代表食物与信息素信号之间的行为联系。使用遗传学，分子生物学，GC-MS，钙成像和电生理记录的结合，我们将测试以下假设：（2）果蝇会分泌有吸引力的信息素，当被吸引人的食物气味刺激到标记地点的积极社会行为，例如鸡蛋等积极行为铺设或求爱。这种新的信息素信号传导机制的表征的结果将丰富我们对如何使用嗅觉通信来指导对环境变化的行为响应的理解。拟议的研究很重要，因为我们将深入了解嗅觉系统的较高加工中心的厌恶和有吸引力的嗅觉信息，该信息可以作为如何在其他动物的大脑中编码嗅觉观念的模型。