Mentoring in transmission of influenza and strategies for prevention

流感传播的指导和预防策略

基本信息

批准号：
10094190
负责人：
CARLOS G GRIJALVA
金额：
$ 17.86万
依托单位：
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-02-03 至 2025-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10094190
关键词：
Academic Medical Centers Accident and Emergency department Acute respiratory infection Aerosols Animals Antiviral Agents Attenuated Cessation of life Child Clinic Cohort Studies Communities Data Development Diagnostic tests Disease Effectiveness Elderly Electronics Enrollment Environment Evaluation Faculty Family Foundations Funding Genetic Health Policy Home Hospitalization Hospitals Household Human Humidity Infection Infection prevention Influenza Influenza prevention Intervention Laboratories Life Style Link Measures Mentors Methods Modeling Modernization Molecular Molecular Diagnostic Techniques Morbidity - disease rate National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Natural History Patients Pattern Pharmacoepidemiology Population Postdoctoral Fellow Prevention Prevention strategy Process Publications Research Research Personnel Research Priority Research Project Grants Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Risk Risk Factors Role Seasons Serology Severities Severity of illness Social Interaction Strategic Planning Study models Symptoms Techniques Temperature Testing Time Training Use Effectiveness Vaccination Vaccines Virus Shedding Visit associated symptom base career cold temperature design disease transmission disorder prevention economic cost flu transmission follow-up health care settings improved indexing influenza epidemic influenza infection influenza surveillance influenza virus vaccine influenzavirus instrument member mid-career faculty modifiable risk mortality novel patient oriented research prevent preventive intervention prospective respiratory sample collection seasonal influenza skills therapy design transmission process universal influenza vaccine vaccine effectiveness virus genetics

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT This K24 proposal will provide protected time for Dr. Grijalva to deliver high-quality mentoring to post-doctoral and junior faculty investigators as well as to expand his studies of influenza transmission and disease prevention. Dr. Grijalva proposes a comprehensive and dedicated mentoring plan that will facilitate the effective transition of his mentees into independent academic careers. The application includes a detailed description of plans to augment Dr. Grijalva’s own training through acquisition of advanced skills in mentoring, and modelling of transmission of infectious diseases and causal inference. His current research projects are thematically linked through their focus on acute respiratory infections, especially influenza infections, with a strong emphasis on identification of modifiable risk factors to inform subsequent interventions. Influenza remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The primary strategy to attenuate the impact of influenza epidemics is vaccination, but vaccine effectiveness is suboptimal. Alternative methods to prevent the spread of influenza are needed. Little is known about the transmission of influenza in US households and communities in our modern lifestyle. Our understanding of influenza transmission is largely based on household studies that were done in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Diagnostic tests have changed, and current molecular and sequencing techniques allow accurate identification of influenza transmission. Similarly, contact patterns within households and communities have likely changed during the last decades, and widespread use of electronic devices may have further modified those dynamics. Understanding the contemporary drivers of influenza transmission within US households and communities is the foundation for preventative interventions. The NIAID strategic plan to prevent influenza infections and design a Universal influenza vaccine has identified modern studies of influenza transmission as an important research priority. Although a large proportion of influenza infections are acquired at home, the role of household environment, contact patterns, and disease severity on influenza transmission have not been well studied. Contemporary household case-ascertained studies are efficient designs to quantify transmission parameters and to study the role of these and other novel modifiable factors. The research aims are: 1) Test the hypothesis that modifiable factors, including household temperature, relative humidity, and within-household social interactions are independently associated with the risk of influenza transmission in households; 2) To provide a comprehensive assessment of the use and effectiveness of antivirals in the prevention of influenza transmission in households; 3) Test the hypothesis that the disease severity in the index case (first patient infected in the household), and the household exposure intensity and duration modify the risk of influenza transmission in households. These studies will inform the design and evaluation of new prevention strategies, and will provide extensive opportunities for mentoring junior investigators in patient-oriented research in influenza infections, transmission and prevention.

项目概要/摘要这项 K24 提案将为 Grijalva 博士提供受保护的时间，为博士后提供高质量的指导和初级教师研究人员，以及扩大他对流感传播和疾病的研究 Grijalva 博士提出了一项全面且专门的指导计划，以促进预防。他的学员有效过渡到独立的学术职业。该申请包括详细的内容。描述通过获得指导方面的高级技能来增强 Grijalva 博士自身培训的计划，他目前的研究项目是传染病传播和因果推理的建模。通过关注急性呼吸道感染，特别是流感感染，主题与高度重视识别可改变的风险因素，为后续干预措施提供信息。仍然是全世界发病率和死亡率的重要原因。流感流行的关键是疫苗接种，但疫苗的预防效果并不理想。人们对流感在美国家庭中的传播知之甚少。我们对流感传播的理解很大程度上基于我们现代生活方式中的社区。 20 世纪 60 年代和 1970 年代进行的家庭研究已经发生了变化，当前的诊断测试也发生了变化。分子和测序技术可以准确识别流感传播。在过去的几十年中，家庭和社区内的模式可能已经发生了变化，并且广泛使用电子设备的发展可能进一步改变了这些动态。美国家庭和社区内的流感传播是预防干预措施的基础。 NIAID 预防流感感染和设计通用流感疫苗的战略计划已确定现代研究将流感传播作为一个重要的研究重点，虽然比例很大。流感感染是在家中获得的，家庭环境、接触模式和疾病的作用流感传播的严重程度尚未得到充分研究。研究是量化传输参数并研究这些和其他新颖的作用的有效设计研究目的是：1）检验可改变因素的假设，包括家庭。温度、相对湿度和家庭内部的社交互动与 2) 提供流感在家庭中传播的风险；抗病毒药物预防家庭流感传播的有效性；3) 检验以下假设：指示病例（家庭中第一位感染者）的疾病严重程度以及家庭暴露情况强度和持续时间会改变流感在家庭中传播的风险。设计和评估新的预防策略，并将提供广泛的指导机会以患者为导向的流感感染、传播和预防研究的初级研究者。