Statistical Methods In Epidemiology--general

流行病学统计方法——综述

• 批准号: 8148994
• 负责人: Clarice Weinberg
• 金额: $ 39.41万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8148994
• 关键词: Epidemiology; Statistical Methods

This project develops new statistical methods for epidemiology with broad applications and also methods as needed for ongoing projects in epidemiology, particularly those related to reproductive studies. The work this year involved several projects. (1) One project concerned using the bivariate birth weight and gestational length data for US births to estimate and correct for measurement errors in use of last menstrual period for estimating gestational length. Our goal is ultimately to develop improved standards for birth weights and variances for each completed week of gestation and also to correct the estimated rates of preterm birth within ethnic and maternal age categories. We also hope to improve the assessment of the relationship between birth weight, gestational length and risk of perinatal mortality within those categories. (2) Another project concerns pooled assessment of expensive-to-assay biomarkers based on human samples. Earlier work had shown that in a case-control setting one can pool together specimens from sets of cases and sets of controls and carry out a set-based analysis. With a slightly modified logistic model that analysis can estimate the individual-level risk parameters and loses almost no power compared to analysis based on individual assays. This means that if an exposure is based on an expensive assay that uses human samples, one can markedly improve efficiency by pooling specimens prior to assay. In recent work, we have extended these methods to apply to a fine-matched case-control design and also to time-to-pregnancy data. With the latter design, one pools specimens within strata defined by the time to conception. Again the power suffers almost not at all, compared to individual level assays, and the costs are greatly reduced. Another great benefit to pooling in general is in its conservative use of irreplaceable human specimens. For example, pooling specimens in sets of 3 reduces the amount needed from each specimen by 2/3. (3) A third project developed improved methods for assessing the accuracy of prediction of future events based on longitudinal measures of a biomarker in relation to false positive and false negative predictions. A paper based on methods for design and analysis of pooled exposure assessments in fine-matched case-control studies is currently undergoing review, and one that proposes and evaluates the use of pooling in time-to-pregnancy studies of fertility effects of environmental factors is soon to be submitted. A paper based on improving birth weight standards for specific gestational ages is currently in preparation. A paper based on assessing prediction in a longitudinal study involving a biomarker was published in Biometrics and another in this area is undergoing review.

该项目开发了具有广泛应用的流行病学的新统计方法，还根据流行病学中正在进行的项目（尤其是与生殖研究相关的项目）所需的方法开发了新的统计方法。 今年的工作涉及几个项目。 （1）使用双变量的出生体重和美国出生的妊娠长度数据涉及一个项目，以估算并正确使用最后一个月经时期的测量误差，以估计妊娠长度。 我们的目标最终是在每个完整的妊娠一周中建立提高出生体重和差异的标准，并纠正种族和产妇年龄类别内早产率的估计率。 我们还希望改善对这些类别中出生体重，妊娠长度和围产期死亡风险之间关系的评估。 （2）另一个项目涉及基于人类样本的昂贵到公允生物标志物的评估。较早的工作表明，在病例对照设置中，可以将标本从一组情况和一组控件组合在一起，并进行基于设定的分析。 通过一个稍微修改的逻辑模型，分析可以估计单个级别的风险参数，并且与基于个体测定的分析相比，几乎没有功率。 这意味着，如果曝光是基于使用人类样品的昂贵测定法，则可以通过在测定前汇总样品来显着提高效率。在最近的工作中，我们扩展了这些方法，以适用于精细匹配的病例对照设计，并适用于孕妇的时间数据。 通过后一种设计，一个池在构思时间定义的地层中的标本。 同样，与个人级别的测定相比，功率几乎根本没有遭受损失，并且成本大大降低。一般来说，对合并的另一个巨大好处是保守使用不可替代的人类标本。例如，以3组合并样品将每个样本所需的数量减少2/3。 （3）第三个项目开发了改进的方法，用于评估基于生物标志物的纵向测量与假阳性和假阴性预测相关的生物标志物的预测准确性。 目前正在进行审查中基于设计和分析的方法进行设计和分析的方法，该论文正在进行审查，并提出并评估使用汇集的环境因素生育能力效果的汇集的论文，很快就会提交。目前正在准备基于改善特定妊娠年龄出生体重标准标准的论文。 在涉及生物标志物的纵向研究中评估预测的论文已在生物识别技术中发表，而该领域的另一篇文章正在接受综述。