Statistical Methods In Epidemiology--general

流行病学统计方法——综述

• 批准号: 7967983
• 负责人: Clarice Weinberg
• 金额: $ 19.34万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7967983
• 关键词: Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Birth; Birth Weight; Categories; Conceptions; Data; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologic Methods; Epidemiology; Family; Genetic; Genetic Markers; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Goals; Heterogeneity; Human; Individual; Learning; Length; Link; Logistic Models; Logistic Regressions; Maternal Age; Measurement; Measures; Menstruation; Methods; Observational Study; Perinatal mortality demographics; Postdoctoral Fellow; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Research Design; Risk; Sampling; Specimen; Statistical Methods; Testing; Time; Work; base; case control; cost; design; disorder risk; human data; improved; reproductive; tool

This project develops new statistical methods for epidemiology with broad applications and also methods as needed for ongoing projects in epidemiology, particularly those related to reproductive studies. The work this year involved three projects. (1) One project concerned using the bivariate birth weight and gestational length data for US births to estimate and correct for measurement errors in use of last menstrual period for estimating gestational length. Our goal was ultimately to develop improved standards for birth weights and variances for each completed week of gestation and also to correct the estimated rates of preterm birth within ethnic and maternal age categories. We also hope to improve the assessment of the relationship between birth weight, gestational length and risk of perinatal mortality within those categories. (2) Another project concerns pooled assessment of expensive-to-assay biomarkers based on human samples. Earlier work had shown that in a case-control setting one can pool together specimens from sets of cases and sets of controls and carry out a set-based analysis. With a slightly modified logistic model that analysis can estimate the individual-level risk parameters and loses almost no power compared to analysis based on individual assays. This means that if an exposure is based on an expensive assay that uses human samples, one can markedly improve efficiency by pooling specimens prior to assay. In work with my new post-doc, Paramita Saha, we are now extending these methods to time-to-pregnancy data, where one pools specimens within strata defined by the time to conception. Again the power suffers almost not at all, compared to individual level assays, and the costs are greatly reduced. Another great benefit to pooling in general is in its conservative use of irreplaceable human specimens. (3) A third project developed a method for testing the homogeneity assumption that is required in conditional logistic regression applications. For example, one might carry out a sibship-based analysis involving a genetic and an environmental factor. If the measured genetic marker is not itself causative, but serves as a linked surrogate for an unmeasured SNP, then there could be heterogeneity among families and this test could detect that heterogeneity.

该项目开发了具有广泛应用的流行病学的新统计方法，还根据流行病学中正在进行的项目（尤其是与生殖研究相关的项目）所需的方法开发了新的统计方法。 今年的工作涉及三个项目。 （1）使用双变量的出生体重和美国出生的妊娠长度数据涉及一个项目，以估算并正确使用最后一个月经时期的测量误差，以估计妊娠长度。 我们的目标最终是在每个完整的妊娠一周中建立提高出生体重和差异的标准，并纠正种族和产妇年龄类别内早产率的估计率。 我们还希望改善对这些类别中出生体重，妊娠长度和围产期死亡风险之间关系的评估。 （2）另一个项目涉及基于人类样本的昂贵到公允生物标志物的评估。较早的工作表明，在病例对照设置中，可以将标本从一组情况和一组控件组合在一起，并进行基于设定的分析。 通过一个稍微修改的逻辑模型，分析可以估计单个级别的风险参数，并且与基于个体测定的分析相比，几乎没有功率。 这意味着，如果曝光是基于使用人类样品的昂贵测定法，则可以通过在测定前汇总样品来显着提高效率。在与我的新的大多数后帕拉米塔·萨哈（Paramita Saha）一起工作时，我们现在将这些方法扩展到了孕期数据，其中一个人在构思时间定义的层次中汇总了标本。 同样，与个人级别的测定相比，功率几乎根本没有遭受损失，并且成本大大降低。一般来说，对合并的另一个巨大好处是保守使用不可替代的人类标本。 （3）第三个项目开发了一种测试条件逻辑回归应用中所需的同质性假设的方法。 例如，人们可能会进行涉及遗传和环境因素的基于同胞的分析。 如果测得的遗传标记本身并不是原因，而是作为未衡量的SNP的连接替代物，那么家庭之间可能存在异质性，并且该测试可以检测到该异质性。