Mandatory_Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness Against Medically-Attended, PCR-Confirmed Influenza in West South Central U.S.

强制性_美国中南部地区针对就医、PCR 确诊的流感疫苗有效性的估计

• 批准号: 10179277
• 负责人: Manjusha Gaglani
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: SCOTT AND WHITE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10179277
• 关键词: Mandatory_Estimates; Vaccine; Effectiveness; Against; Medically

Influenza viruses are constantly evolving, resulting in vaccine strains being selected for reformulation every season. Annual estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing influenza-related morbidity are essential in evaluating the protection provided by annual, nationwide vaccination programs. Our long-term goal is to advance the understanding of the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections while measuring the public health impact of immunization on reducing the overall burden of illness and on improving the health of the population. We plan to systematically evaluate the influenza VE with the CDC ACIP recommended annual universal immunization strategy in the Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas (BSWCTX) patient population. The objective is to obtain reliable vaccination information for the enrolled population and provide accurate estimates of annual VE to prevent influenza-associated medically-attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI) in the vaccine age-eligible population. Our central hypothesis is that timely and efficient measurement of annual VE and burden of illness due to seasonal/pandemic influenza, RSV and other respiratory viruses is sustainable. The rationale is that by assessing the mid-season VE, ACIP can recommend antiviral chemoprophylaxis and treatment for high risk groups, as needed. To accomplish the overall objective, the following specific aims will be pursued: 1) Assess influenza VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza among at least 1,000 children and adults, including at least 333 persons from each of three age groups (6 months – 17 years, 18-49 years and ≥50 years) with MAARI in ambulatory settings during each of 5 seasons from 2016-17, with at least 100 among young children aged 6 months – 8 years and with at least 100 among adults aged ≥65 years. 2) Evaluate disease burden due to seasonal influenza (during each of 5 seasons from 2016-17), RSV and other respiratory viruses (during seasons 3-5) among children (ages 6 months – 17 years), adults (ages 18-64 years) and older adults (ages ≥65 years). 3) Develop influenza pandemic preparedness operational plan and pilot research methods (during seasons 3-5) to describe the epidemiology of the novel influenza virus infection, beginning whenever the next influenza pandemic is imminent anywhere in the world, estimate MAARI incidence of pandemic influenza, estimate VE of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines for prevention of pandemic influenza-associated MAARI, and evaluate the use and effectiveness of antiviral agents for treatment of pandemic influenza. To accomplish these goals, we will estimate real-time VE for the enrolled population in the ambulatory setting using a test-negative design, estimate burden of illness of seasonal/pandemic influenza, RSV and other respiratory viruses in the BSWCTX source population, and examine factors associated with VE. The proposed research is innovative in that it will generate new knowledge in the methods used to aptly measure influenza VE in different healthcare settings and measure burden of illness of influenza, RSV and other respiratory viruses in the West South Central region of the U.S.

流感病毒不断进化，导致每次都会选择疫苗株进行重新配制。 每年对流感疫苗预防流感相关发病率的有效性（VE）进行估计。 对于评估年度全国疫苗接种计划提供的保护至关重要。 是为了在测量公众的同时增​​进对病毒性呼吸道感染流行病学的了解 免疫接种对减少疾病总体负担和改善人们健康的影响 我们计划根据 CDC ACIP 建议的年度系统评估流感 VE。 德克萨斯州中部 Baylor Scott & White Health (BSWCTX) 患者的普遍免疫策略 目标是为登记人群获取可靠的疫苗接种信息并提供信息。 准确估计年度 VE，以预防流感相关的就医急性呼吸道疾病 （MAARI）在符合疫苗年龄的人群中进行疫苗接种我们的中心假设是及时有效。 测量年度 VE 和季节性/大流行性流感、RSV 和其他疾病造成的疾病负担 理由是，通过评估季节中期的 VE，ACIP 可以提出建议。 根据需要对高危人群进行抗病毒化学预防和治疗。 将追求以下具体目标： 1) 评估流感 VE 与实验室确诊流感的关系 至少 1,000 名儿童和成人，其中三个年龄组各至少 333 人（6 月 – 17 岁、18-49 岁和≥50 岁）在 5 个季节的每个季节在流动环境中使用 MAARI 从 2016-17 年起，6 个月至 8 岁的幼儿中至少有 100 名，其中 6 个月至 8 岁的幼儿中至少有 100 名 年龄≥65 岁的成年人 2) 评估季节性流感造成的疾病负担（从 5 个季节开始）。 2016-17），儿童（6 个月至 17 岁）中的 RSV 和其他呼吸道病毒（第 3-5 季）， 成人（18-64 岁）和老年人（≥65 岁） 3) 做好流感大流行的准备。 描述小说流行病学的操作计划和试点研究方法（第 3-5 季） 每当世界任何地方下一次流感大流行即将来临时，流感病毒感染就会开始， 估计大流行性流感的 MAARI 发病率，估计季节性和大流行性流感疫苗的 VE 预防大流行性流感相关的 MAARI，并评估抗病毒药物的使用和有效性 为了实现这些目标，我们将估计实时 VE。 使用测试阴性设计在流动环境中登记的人口，估计疾病负担 BSWCTX 源人群中的季节性/大流行性流感、RSV 和其他呼吸道病毒，以及 研究与 VE 相关的因素 拟议的研究具有创新性，因为它将产生新知识。 用于在不同医疗机构中适当测量流感 VE 并测量患者负担的方法 美国中西南地区流感、RSV 和其他呼吸道病毒感染的情况