Neural outcomes of moderating alcohol use in early adulthood

成年早期适度饮酒的神经后果

• 批准号: 10084576
• 负责人: STEPHEN MATTHEW MALONE
• 金额: $ 0.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-14 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10084576
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; Adolescence; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Animals; Area; Brain; Brain region; Characteristics; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Drug usage; Etiology; Exposure to; Family Research; Female; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gender; Genetic; Hippocampus (Brain); Individual; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Methods; Minnesota; Natural experiment; Neurons; Observation in research; Observational Study; Outcome; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Preventive Intervention; Property; Recovery; Relapse; Research; Research Design; Residual state; Rest; Sampling; Shapes; Smoking; Statistical Methods; Structure; Surface; Synapses; Testing; Thick; Time; Twin Multiple Birth; Validation; adolescent brain development; alcohol and other drug; alcohol effect; alcohol exposure; alcohol measurement; alcohol use initiation; base; biobank; design; drinking; early adolescence; emerging adult; experience; genetics of alcoholism; guided inquiry; information processing; innovation; preadolescence; problem drinker; prospective; relating to nervous system; sobriety; sound; stem; white matter; young adult

Project Abstract Adolescence and early adulthood is a period of significant brain development, when different experiences shape the synaptic connections between neurons and information processing is increasingly integrated across various brain regions. It is also when substance use is at its greatest, on average. Research with animals indicates that the brain is particularly vulnerable to damaging effects of alcohol and other drugs during adolescence. However, most individuals moderate their drinking and it is arguably as important to understand the degree to which brain structural and functional effects of alcohol and other drug use tend to be reversed when individuals moderate their use as to understand effects of exposure to alcohol in the first place. However, several factors have slowed progress in this area. Samples have been small, especially in early studies, and the number of potential measures large, which, if properly controlled for, limits statistical power and, if not, increases the likelihood of chance findings. The lack of specific replicated associations suggests a need for studies that use discovery-based methods in large samples in addition to those that test specific hypotheses, and to replicate findings in independent samples. An additional obstacle to progress stems from the difficulty drawing inferences about causality in observational research. Associations between substance use or moderation and brain outcomes may reflect a causal effect of substance use or moderation or they may be spurious, reflecting the effect of a third, unobserved factor, such as a genetic liability, on both. For instance, individuals who stop abusing alcohol or other drugs may have less of a genetic liability toward excessive use than those who persist in problematic drinking, and any observed differences between the two groups of subjects may reflect this difference rather than any result of having desisted from problematic use. The present data analysis project is designed to address these challenges. We propose to study effects of cumulative alcohol use, the timing of exposure to alcohol and effects of moderating use on measures of brain structure and function in three large independent samples, which allows us to replicate findings and thereby increase confidence in them. We will use a combination of hypothesis-driven and discovery-based analyses. In addition, because two samples consist of twins, we will use an innovative co-twin differences research design, which takes advantage of differences in overall alcohol use, age of initiation and moderation of use that naturally occur within twin pairs to separate the effects of patterns of use and moderation from the genetic and other factors that influence them. This will permit us to make stronger inferences than is typically possible about which effects of alcohol use and moderation of use on measures of brain structure and function are likely to indicate a truly causal influence of exposure to alcohol and of reducing one’s exposure, which can inform prevention and intervention efforts as well as ongoing longitudinal studies.

项目摘要 青春期和成年早期是大脑发育的重要时期，此时经历不同的经历 塑造神经元之间的突触连接，信息处理越来越整合 平均而言，这也是药物使用最多的时候。 表明大脑特别容易受到酒精和其他药物的破坏作用 然而，大多数人在青春期都会适度饮酒，了解这一点也很重要。 酒精和其他药物使用对大脑结构和功能的影响往往会被逆转的程度 当人们首先节制饮酒以了解接触酒精的影响时， 有几个因素减缓了这一领域的进展，样本量很小，特别是在早期研究中，并且 潜在措施的数量很大，如果控制得当，就会限制统计功效，如果控制不当， 增加了偶然发现的可能性。缺乏特定的重复关联表明需要 除了测试特定假设的研究之外，还在大样本中使用基于发现的方法， 在独立样本中复制研究结果的另一个障碍来自于困难。 在观察研究中得出关于物质使用或物质使用之间的因果关系的推论。 节制和大脑结果可能反映了物质使用或节制的因果效应，或者它们可能是 虚假的，反映了第三个未观察到的因素（例如遗传倾向）对两者的影响。 停止滥用酒精或其他药物的人可能不会过度使用酒精或其他药物的遗传倾向 与那些坚持酗酒的人相比，以及两组之间观察到的差异 受试者可能会反映这种差异，而不是停止有问题的使用的任何结果。 数据分析项目旨在解决这些挑战。我们建议研究累积的影响。 饮酒、接触酒精的时间以及适度饮酒对大脑结构测量的影响 并在三个大型独立样本中发挥作用，这使我们能够复制研究结果并从而增加 我们将结合假设驱动和基于发现的分析。 由于两个样本都是双胞胎，我们将采用创新的同卵双胞胎差异研究设计， 利用酒精总体使用量、开始年龄和使用适度的差异，自然 发生在双胞胎中，以将使用模式和节制的影响与遗传和其他因素分开 这将使我们能够做出比通常可能的更有力的推论。 饮酒和适度饮酒可能对大脑结构和功能的测量产生哪些影响 表明接触酒精和减少接触酒精的真正因果影响，这可以告知 预防和干预工作以及正在进行的纵向研究。