REALTIME waterpipe tobacco smoke toxicant sampling in the natural environment

自然环境中实时水烟烟雾毒物采样

基本信息

批准号：
8040720
负责人：
THOMAS EVAN EISSENBERG
金额：
$ 42.93万
依托单位：
VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-02-01 至 2015-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8040720
关键词：
Accounting Address Adolescent Aldehydes Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Behavior Breathing Cancer Etiology Carbon Monoxide Carcinogens Cardiovascular Diseases Cause of Death Cessation of life Charcoal Cigarette Clinical Clinical Chemistry Consent Data Dependence Deposition Devices Engineering Environment Epidemic Flavoring Generations Head Health Heating Individual Laboratories Laboratory Study Learning Link Lung diseases Measurement Measures Mechanics Methodology Methods Mission Morbidity - disease rate Nicotine Nitrosamines Outcome Pharmaceutical Preparations Prevalence Psychologist Public Health Relative (related person)Reporting Research Sampling Smoke Smoker Smoking Sum Technology Temperature Testing Time Tobacco Tobacco smoke Tobacco smoking Tobacco use Toxicant exposure United States National Institutes of Health Water base behavioral pharmacology cigarette smoking cigarette smoking design experience hookah instrument mortality particle prevent programs prototype response smoking cessation tobacco prevention toxicant university student young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Globally, tobacco use accounts for 4.9 million deaths each year. These deaths are caused by inhaled smoke toxicants. Extensive research describes cigarette smoke toxicant content (or "yield"), a vital link to understanding user toxicant exposure. However, millions of people use waterpipes (WP) to smoke tobacco. WP tobacco smoking may also be deadly, though little is known about WP smoke toxicant yield. A WP (hookah, shisha) has a hose, water bowl, body, and a "head" filled with sweetened and flavored tobacco that is heated with charcoal. WP tobacco smoking is increasing in the U.S., especially among college students. Relative to one cigarette, one WP use episode can generate 100 times the smoke. Current technology demands that, if we are to learn about WP smoke, we must use machines to generate it. Machine-generated smoke may limit validity because generation of WP smoke involves several key variables that differ by user and use episode which cannot be standardized in the analytical lab. This response to PAR-08-212 integrates mechanical engineering, chemistry, and clinical behavioral pharmacology to develop and test an unobtrusive WP smoke sampling instrument for the purpose of assessing the toxicant content of smoke produced in the natural environment. The specific aims are to: 1) Characterize a real-time WP smoke sampling device (Years 1-3). We have developed a prototype device that measures puff topography and samples WP smoke in real- time (REALTIME). Because particle deposition in the device may alter smoke toxicant content, correction factors need to be developed to infer true toxicant content from that measured. We will therefore measure toxicant-specific deposition fractions in the device, in particular for: particle number, particle mass, nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 2) Evaluate REALTIME design options in the clinical laboratory (Years 1 and 2). Two design options, placement of the smoke sampler and the percentage of smoke sampled, involve tradeoffs between accurate measurement of toxicant content and realistic smoker behavior. We propose two controlled clinical laboratory studies to inform design option choice, with Study 1 addressing sampler placement (bowl or mouthpiece) and Study 2 addressing percentage of smoke sampled (2, 5, or 10%). The preferred option maximizes realistic smoke toxicant analysis while minimizing effects on smoker behavior. 3) Evaluate REALTIME in the natural environment (years 4 and 5). REALTIME will be attached to WPs used by consenting individual and groups of WP cafi patrons. The study will demonstrate REALTIME's use in natural settings and examine the relationship between the number of WP users and tobacco temperature and WP smoke toxicant yield. In sum, the technology and methodology developed in this project will enable valid analysis of WP smoke toxicant content. This interdisciplinary project addresses an emerging public health threat and is directly relevant to the NIH mission and wholly responsive to PAR-08-212. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project is relevant to public health because waterpipe tobacco smoking is a little-understood but rapidly emerging strain in the nation's tobacco use epidemic. The project will inform nascent efforts to prevent waterpipe tobacco smoking from contributing substantially to tobacco's morbidity and mortality by developing and validating the technology necessary to learn about waterpipe smoke toxicant content in natural settings. For cigarette smoking, valid and reliable information regarding smoke toxicant content has been used effectively to support tobacco use prevention and control programs; this project seeks similar positive outcomes for another potentially lethal form of tobacco use.

描述（由申请人提供）：在全球范围内，烟草使用每年490万人死亡。这些死亡是由吸入的烟雾有毒物质引起的。广泛的研究描述了香烟烟雾毒物含量（或“产量”），这是了解用户毒物暴露的至关重要的联系。但是，数以百万计的人使用水管（WP）吸烟。 WP烟草吸烟也可能是致命的，尽管对WP烟雾毒性产量知之甚少。 WP（水烟，shisha）有一个软管，水碗，身体和一个“头”，里面充满了甜味且调味的烟草，并用木炭加热。在美国，尤其是在大学生中，WP烟草吸烟正在增加。相对于一支香烟，一个WP使用情节可以产生100倍的烟雾。当前的技术要求，如果我们要了解WP烟雾，我们必须使用机器来生成它。机器生成的烟雾可能会限制有效性，因为WP烟雾的产生涉及几个关键变量，这些变量因用户而异，并且使用情节无法在分析实验室中进行标准化。对PAR-08-212的这种反应整合了机械工程，化学和临床行为药理学，以开发和测试一种不引人注目的WP烟雾采样工具，以评估自然环境中产生的烟雾的毒性含量。具体目的是：1）表征实时WP烟雾采样装置（1-3年）。我们已经开发了一种原型设备，该设备可以在实时（实时）（实时）测量吹气地形和样品WP烟雾。由于设备中的颗粒沉积可能会改变烟雾毒物含量，因此需要开发校正因子来从所测量中推断出真正的有毒含量。因此，我们将测量设备中毒物特异性沉积分数，特别是：颗粒数，颗粒质量，尼古丁，烟草特异性硝基胺和多环芳烃。 2）评估临床实验室中的实时设计选项（1年和2年）。两种设计选项，即烟雾采样器的放置以及采样的烟雾百分比，涉及对毒物含量的准确测量和逼真的吸烟者行为之间的权衡。我们提出了两项受控的临床实验室研究，以告知设计选项选择，研究1解决了采样器放置（碗或烟嘴），并研究2解决了采样的烟雾百分比（2、5或10％）。首选选项可最大化逼真的烟雾毒物分析，同时最大程度地减少对吸烟者行为的影响。 3）在自然环境中评估实时时间（4年和5年）。实时将附加到同意个人和WP CAFI顾客团体使用的WPS上。该研究将证明实时在自然环境中的使用，并检查WP使用者数量与烟草温度与WP烟雾毒性产量之间的关系。总而言之，该项目中开发的技术和方法将使WP烟雾毒物含量有效分析。该跨学科项目针对新兴的公共卫生威胁，与NIH任务直接相关，并完全响应PAR-08-212。公共卫生相关性：该项目与公共卫生有关，因为吸水烟草吸烟在美国烟草使用流行病中有点觉得有点觉得，但迅速出现的压力。该项目将通过开发和验证了解自然环境中的水管烟雾毒物含量的技术来为防止水烟烟草吸烟促进烟草吸烟的贡献。为了吸烟，有关烟雾毒物含量的有效和可靠信息已有效地支持烟草使用预防和控制计划；该项目为另一种潜在的致命烟草使用形式寻求类似的积极结果。