The impact of menthol and mint e-liquid bans on menthol cigarette smokers

薄荷醇和薄荷电子烟油禁令对薄荷醇卷烟吸烟者的影响

• 批准号: 10046746
• 负责人: Rachel Denlinger-Apte
• 金额: $ 15.5万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-07 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10046746
• 关键词: Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Benefits and Risks; Candy; Categories; Cessation of life; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Decision Making; Devices; Economics; Electronic cigarette; Enrollment; Ensure; Epidemic; Equilibrium; Flavoring; Fruit; Genus Mentha; Harm Reduction; Individual; JUUL; Laboratory Study; Malignant Neoplasms; Menthol; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Pilot Projects; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Public Health; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Sales; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Students; Testing; Tobacco; United States Food and Drug Administration; Visit; behavioral economics; cigarette smoking; cost; electronic cigarette use; electronic liquid; health disparity; nicotine replacement; nicotine use; policy implication; prevent; public policy on tobacco; racial minority; smoking cessation; tobacco products; tobacco user; twelfth grade; vaping

PROJECT SUMMARY Cigarette smoking contributes to nearly 30% of all cancer-related deaths.3 Menthol cigarettes comprise almost one-third of the U.S. market share and are disproportionately smoked by racial minorities.1 Tobacco control policies targeting menthol flavoring in tobacco could have significant public health outcomes, especially among black smokers. One key challenge of tobacco regulation is weighing the risks and benefits of potential policies across different populations (i.e., users and non-users).4 Tension arises between policies intended to prevent adolescent and young adult (AYA) tobacco initiation and those intended to reduce harm among current tobacco users. Specifically, menthol flavored e-liquid restrictions aimed at reducing AYA vaping may unintentionally discourage menthol cigarette smokers from switching to potentially less harmful products. E-cigarette use or vaping has increased dramatically among AYA and vaping devices with nicotine pods (e.g., JUUL) account for a large proportion of AYA use.5,6 These devices are available in many e-liquid flavors including menthol and mint, with mint being a popular flavor among AYA.2,7 The Food and Drug Administration and many states have announced intentions to limit all flavored e-liquids, including menthol and mint, in an effort to reduce AYA vaping. Alternatively, vaping devices, like JUUL, may be ideal substitution products for adult smokers who are unable to quit using nicotine. From a harm reduction perspective, moving smokers away from combusted tobacco (cigarettes) to non-combusted products (e-cigarettes) will likely result in a net positive public health impact.8 The availability of menthol e-liquids may be important for encouraging menthol cigarette smokers to switch to e- cigarettes, but mint e-liquids, which are appealing to AYA, may be unnecessary to facilitate switching. Including mint e-liquids in flavor bans but allowing menthol e-liquids to remain on the market as potential substitution products for menthol smokers may be an optimal policy approach. Behavioral economics is an ideal framework for answering this question because it applies economic constructs, such as product substitution, to individual decision-making. We are proposing a lab study and field assessment to determine how including menthol and mint e-liquids in e-liquid flavor bans or sales restrictions affects tobacco product purchasing and use among menthol cigarette smokers (N=80; 40 black, 40 white). At lab sessions, participants will complete the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM) task, a behavioral economics task in which they receive account balances to an online store and can buy menthol cigarettes at escalating costs or buy e-liquids, non-menthol cigarettes, or nicotine replacement gum at fixed costs. They will complete the task under three marketplace conditions: (1) only tobacco e-liquids available, (2) menthol and tobacco e-liquids available, and (3) menthol, mint, and tobacco e-liquids available. During a field assessment, product choice is validated by assessing use of products purchased during the ETM task. This proposal will inform policy-makers about the impact banning menthol and mint e-liquids will have on facilitating menthol cigarette smokers switching to e-cigarettes.

项目概要 吸烟导致近 30% 的癌症相关死亡。3 薄荷醇卷烟几乎包括 占美国市场份额的三分之一，并且吸烟者中少数族裔比例过高。1 烟草控制 针对烟草中薄荷醇调味剂的政策可能会产生重大的公共卫生成果，特别是在 黑人吸烟者。烟草监管的一项关键挑战是权衡潜在政策的风险和收益 不同人群（即用户和非用户）。4 旨在防止 青少年和年轻人 (AYA) 开始吸烟以及旨在减少当前烟草危害的措施 用户。具体来说，旨在减少 AYA 电子烟的薄荷味电子烟油限制可能会无意中 阻止薄荷醇卷烟吸烟者改用潜在危害较小的产品。使用电子烟或 AYA 和带有尼古丁烟弹的电子烟设备（例如 JUUL）的电子烟使用量急剧增加 AYA 的使用比例很大。5,6 这些设备有多种电子烟油口味，包括薄荷醇和薄荷， 薄荷是 AYA 中流行的口味。2,7 美国食品和药物管理局和许多州已经 宣布打算限制所有调味电子烟油，包括薄荷醇和薄荷，以减少 AYA 电子烟的使用。 另外，对于无法吸烟的成年吸烟者来说，像 JUUL 这样的电子烟设备可能是理想的替代产品。 戒掉尼古丁。从减少危害的角度来看，让吸烟者远离燃烧的烟草 （香烟）到非燃烧产品（电子烟）可能会产生净积极的公共健康影响。 8 薄荷电子液体的供应对于鼓励薄荷卷烟吸烟者转向电子烟可能很重要 香烟，但薄荷电子烟油对 AYA 很有吸引力，但可能不需要促进转换。包括 薄荷电子烟油被列入禁令，但允许薄荷醇电子烟油作为潜在替代品留在市场上 针对薄荷醇吸烟者的产品可能是最佳的政策方法。行为经济学是一个理想的框架 回答这个问题是因为它将经济结构（例如产品替代）应用于个人 决策。我们正在提议进行一项实验室研究和现场评估，以确定如何添加薄荷醇和 电子烟油口味中的薄荷电子烟油禁令或销售限制影响了烟草制品的购买和使用 薄荷醇香烟吸烟者（N=80；40 名黑人，40 名白人）。在实验室会议上，参与者将完成 实验烟草市场（ETM）任务，一项行为经济学任务，他们在其中接收帐户 在线商店余额，可以以不断上涨的价格购买薄荷香烟或购买非薄荷醇的电子液体 香烟或尼古丁替代口香糖，费用固定。他们将在三个市场下完成任务 条件：(1) 仅提供烟草电子烟油，(2) 提供薄荷醇和烟草电子烟油，以及 (3) 薄荷醇， 提供薄荷和烟草电子液体。在现场评估期间，通过评估使用来验证产品选择 在 ETM 任务期间购买的产品数量。该提案将告知政策制定者有关禁令的影响 薄荷醇和薄荷电子烟油将有助于促进薄荷醇卷烟吸烟者转向电子烟。

项目成果

Risk Perceptions of Low Nicotine Cigarettes and Alternative Nicotine Products across Priority Smoking Populations.

重点吸烟人群对低尼古丁香烟和替代尼古丁产品的风险认知。

• 发表时间: 2021-05-17
• 作者: Denlinger;Pacek, Lauren R;Ross, Jennifer Cornacchione;Bansal;Donny, Eric C;Hatsukami, Dorothy K;Carroll, Dana Mowls
• 通讯作者: Carroll, Dana Mowls

Adoption of E-Cigarettes Among Older Adults Who Smoke to Reduce Harm and Narrow Age-Related Disparities: An Application of the Health Belief Model.

在吸烟的老年人中采用电子烟以减少伤害并缩小与年龄相关的差异：健康信念模型的应用。

• 发表时间: 2023-05-22
• 作者: Rubenstein, Dana;Denlinger;Cornacchione Ross, Jennifer;McClernon, F Joseph
• 通讯作者: McClernon, F Joseph

Menthol preference moderates the relationship between cigarette nicotine content choice and reactions in young adults who smoke infrequently.

薄荷醇偏好调节香烟尼古丁含量选择与不经常吸烟的年轻人的反应之间的关系。

• 发表时间: 2022-09-01
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Rubenstein, Dana;Sweitzer, Maggie M.;Scroggs, Lauren B.;Denlinger-Apte, Rachel L.;Kozink, Rachel;McClernon, F. Joseph
• 通讯作者: McClernon, F. Joseph

Effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on smoking across vulnerable populations.

尼古丁含量极低的香烟对弱势群体吸烟的影响。

• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Tidey, Jennifer W.;Snell, L. Morgan;Colby, Suzanne M.;Cassidy, Rachel N.;Denlinger-Apte, Rachel L.
• 通讯作者: Denlinger-Apte, Rachel L.