The effects of flavored e-cigarette sales bans on tobacco-use behaviors among youth and adults

调味电子烟销售禁令对青少年和成年人烟草使用行为的影响

• 批准号: 10805935
• 负责人: Rachel Denlinger-Apte
• 金额: $ 23.25万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-15 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10805935
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Age; Authorization documentation; Behavior; Behavioral; Benefits and Risks; Biological Markers; Candy; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Clinical Trials; Cohort Studies; Consumption; Counseling; Data; Data Set; Devices; Electronic cigarette; Event; Frequencies; Fruit; Goals; Harm Reduction; Health Policy; Health Surveys; High School Student; Individual; Manufacturer; Menthol; Middle School Student; Natural experiment; Nature; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Participant; Pattern; Policies; Population; Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health; Public Health; Quasi-experiment; Regulation; Reporting; Research Personnel; Risk; Sales; Science Policy; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Tobacco; Tobacco use; United States Food and Drug Administration; Youth; age group; authority; cigarette smoking; combustible tobacco; design; electronic cigarette use; electronic cigarette user; electronic liquid; interest; nicotine replacement; nicotine use; prevent; skills; smoking cessation; success; tobacco flavor; tobacco products; tobacco regulation; tobacco regulatory science; tool; vaping; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY In 2022, more than 2 million middle and high school students reported current e-cigarette use. The availability of flavored e-liquids makes e-cigarettes particularly appealing to youth, with nearly 85% reporting use of flavored e-cigarettes. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has taken action to regulate flavored e- cigarettes. In 2020, the agency banned prefilled, single-use cartridges containing e-liquids in ‘non-tobacco’ flavors (e.g., fruit, candy). It later targeted flavored disposable e-cigarettes—a previously unregulated device type that quickly gained popularity among youth following the initial flavor ban. Until last April, the FDA did not have regulatory authority over synthetic nicotine (vs. tobacco-derived nicotine), which some companies used as a loophole to keep selling flavored e-cigarettes. The ‘partial’ nature of the FDA’s prior regulations enabled e- cigarette manufacturers and retailers the opportunity to circumvent flavor regulations. However, six states (MD, RI, NJ, NY, MA, UT) enacted additional flavored e-cigarette bans, which serve as natural experiments to investigate whether more restrictive flavor bans are more effective in curtailing youth e-cigarette use. Conversely, e-cigarettes may also function as potentially less harmful alternatives for adults who smoke (AWS). Recent clinical trials report greater cigarette cessation rates among participants assigned to e- cigarettes compared to nicotine replacement or counseling only, suggesting potential benefits for those interested in quitting. Since flavored e-liquids are also highly preferred by AWS, e-cigarette flavor bans aimed at reducing AYA e-cigarette use may unintentionally discourage AWS from switching to potentially less harmful products. Thus, the project will examine the public health effects of stricter flavored e-cigarette regulations, taking into account both the potential benefits and risks. Using the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Survey, we will investigate mechanisms by which statewide flavored e-cigarette bans affect e- cigarette and other tobacco product use (risks) as well as smoking cessation and reduction (benefits). We will leverage the longitudinal attribute of PATH to assess individual behavioral changes between subsequent waves. Using a quasi-experimental event study difference-in-differences estimation design, we will examine (1) changes in e-cigarette and cigarette use across age groups (12-17; 18-24 and 25+) and (2) use of e-cigarettes as a tool to quit or reduce smoking among AWS. PATH also includes a rich dataset of tobacco-related biomarkers, which we will analyze to further explore the impact of flavor bans. This study will contribute highly- relevant data on the positive and negative impact of flavored e-cigarette bans. The proposal aligns with the priorities outlined in RFA-OD-21-003 by examining the use pattern of flavored tobacco products and changes in tobacco use following bans on flavored e-cigarette sales. The study team is comprised of tobacco regulatory science and health policy researchers with the complementary expertise and skillsets needed to accomplish the goals of the proposal.

项目概要 2022年，超过200万初中生和高中生报告了目前电子烟的使用情况。 调味电子烟液使电子烟对年轻人特别有吸引力，近 85% 的人表示使用过 美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）已采取行动监管调味电子烟。 2020 年，该机构禁止销售含有“非烟草”电子烟油的一次性烟弹。 后来它瞄准了调味一次性电子烟——一种以前不受监管的设备。 在最初的口味禁令之后，这种类型很快就在年轻人中流行起来，直到去年四月，FDA 才没有批准这种口味。 对合成尼古丁（相对于烟草衍生尼古丁）拥有监管权，一些公司使用合成尼古丁 FDA 先前法规的“部分”性质使得电子烟成为继续销售调味电子烟的漏洞。 然而，卷烟制造商和零售商有机会规避香料法规。 罗德岛州、新泽西州、纽约州、马萨诸塞州、犹他州）颁布了额外的调味电子烟禁令，作为自然实验 研究更严格的香料禁令是否能更有效地减少青少年电子烟的使用。 线下，电子烟也可能成为成年人吸烟危害较小的替代品 （AWS）最近的临床试验报告了分配给电子烟的参与者的戒烟率更高。 香烟与尼古丁替代品或仅咨询相比，表明对这些人的潜在好处 由于调味电子烟油也受到 AWS 的高度青睐，电子烟调味禁令的目标是。 减少 AYA 电子烟的使用可能会无意中阻止 AWS 转向潜在危害较小的电子烟 因此，该项目将研究更严格的调味电子烟法规对公共健康的影响， 考虑到使用烟草和人口评估的潜在好处和风险。 健康（PATH）调查，我们将调查联邦风味电子烟禁令影响电子烟的机制 卷烟和其他烟草制品的使用（风险）以及戒烟和减少吸烟（好处）。 利用 PATH 的纵向属性来评估后续之间的个人行为变化 使用准实验事件研究双重差分估计设计，我们将检查 (1) 各年龄段（12-17 岁；18-24 岁和 25 岁以上）电子烟和香烟使用情况的变化以及 (2) 电子烟的使用情况 作为戒烟或减少吸烟的工具，AWS 中还包含丰富的烟草相关数据集。 生物标志物，我们将对其进行分析，以进一步探讨风味禁令的影响，这项研究将做出巨大贡献。 有关调味电子烟禁令的积极和消极影响的相关数据使提案与 通过检查调味烟草产品的使用模式和变化，在 RFA-OD-21-003 中概述了优先事项 该研究小组由烟草监管部门组成。 科学和卫生政策研究人员具有完成任务所需的互补专业知识和技能 该提案的目标。