Sleep, Obesity and the Well-Being of US Adolescents

美国青少年的睡眠、肥胖和健康

• 批准号: 8191442
• 负责人: Lauren Hale
• 金额: $ 20.72万
• 依托单位: UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8191442
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adverse effects; Affect; American; Area; Attention; Characteristics; Child; Clinical; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Disadvantaged; Epidemic; Equation; Ethnic Origin; Etiology; Female; Gender; Habits; Health; Height; Hygiene; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mental Health; Metabolic; Modeling; Not Hispanic or Latino; Obesity; Observational Study; Participant; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Physical Function; Play; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Program Development; Psyche structure; Public Health; Public Health Education; Race; Reporting; Research; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Series; Sleep; Socioeconomic Status; Techniques; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Variant; Weight; Weight Gain; boys; cohort; expectation; experience; girls; improved; increased appetite; longitudinal design; low socioeconomic status; novel; peer; population based; psychologic; psychosocial; racial and ethnic; research study; social; social group; socioeconomics; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although the obesity epidemic is ubiquitous in its reach, large disparities in obesity prevalence have nevertheless been observed among U.S. adolescents from different gender, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Several explanations for these disparities have been proposed, but research has yet to adequately explore the role of sleep duration in creating disparities in obesity prevalence. Because (1) sleep is a known risk factor for weight gain, and (2) sleep habits vary by gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, research in this area promises to improve our understanding of obesity disparities. Disparities in obesity prevalence are a major public health concern, in part because obesity has been implicated as a risk factor for suboptimal physical and psychosocial well-being. Research has consistently shown that obese adolescents are substantially more likely than their healthy weight peers to report poor general health and physical functioning. Although studies have reported less consistent findings with regard to the psychosocial impact of obesity, some studies have also found impaired mental and social well-being among obese adolescents. Like obesity, sleep is also known to influence physical and psychological functioning. However, to date research has yet to explore how short sleep duration could amplify the adverse effects of obesity on adolescent well-being. Three major aims of our proposed analyses follow: Aim 1. Examine how sleep duration influences disparities in obesity that have been observed among groups of U.S. adolescents categorized by gender, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). Aim 2. Develop and test a theoretical model of physical and psychosocial well-being among U.S. adolescents, where sleep moderates the direct impact of body mass. Aim 3. Examine whether the model developed in Aim 2 varies by gender, race/ethnicity and SES. To achieve these aims, we will utilize data from multiple waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative study of U.S. adolescents in grades 7-12 in 1994-95. Add Health has followed this cohort of Americans into young adulthood, with the most recent wave of data collection occurring in 2008. With clinical measures of height and weight, repeated measures of sleep duration and quality, and a wide assortment of socioeconomic, demographic, psychological, and health indicators, Add Health is ideally suited for our research agenda. Our analyses will employ a number of advanced statistical techniques. For instance, to test a model of adolescent well-being (Aim 2), we will estimate a series of structural equation models that provide an empirical test of our theoretical expectations. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The prevalence of obesity and short sleep duration has increased among U.S. adolescents. To facilitate the development of programs and policies in education and public health that will improve the lives of young Americans, it is important to understand (a) how sleep patterns influence disparities in obesity across different gender, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups, and (b) how obesity and sleep synergistically affect the physical and psychosocial well-being of adolescents in the U.S. Through the analysis of data from multiple waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, our research promises to make progress on both of these fronts.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管肥胖症流行无处不在，但在来自不同性别，种族/种族和社会经济群体的美国青少年中，肥胖症患病率的巨大差异仍然存在。已经提出了有关这些差异的几种解释，但是研究尚未充分探讨睡眠持续时间在造成肥胖症患病率差异方面的作用。因为（1）睡眠是体重增加的已知危险因素，并且（2）睡眠习惯因性别，种族/种族和社会经济地位而异，因此在这一领域的研究有望提高我们对肥胖差异的理解。肥胖症患病率的差异是一个主要的公共卫生问题，部分原因是肥胖被认为是次优的身体和社会心理幸福感的危险因素。研究一直表明，肥胖的青少年比健康体重同龄人更有可能报告一般健康和身体机能。尽管研究报告了肥胖对社会心理影响的一致性较少，但一些研究也发现肥胖青少年的心理和社会福祉受损。像肥胖一样，睡眠也会影响身体和心理功能。但是，迄今为止，研究尚未探索睡眠持续时间如何扩大肥胖对青少年福祉的不利影响。我们提出的分析的三个主要目的如下：AIM 1。检查睡眠时间如何影响肥胖的差异，这些差异已被性别，种族/种族和社会经济地位（SES）分类的美国青少年群体中观察到。 AIM 2。在美国青少年中发展和测试一种身体和社会心理健康的理论模型，在美国青少年中，睡眠调节了体重的直接影响。 AIM 3。检查AIM 2中开发的模型是否因性别，种族/种族和SES而异。为了实现这些目标，我们将利用来自国家青少年健康纵向研究（Add Health）的多个浪潮的数据，这是对1994 - 95年7 - 12年级的美国青少年的全国代表性研究。 Add Health遵循了这群美国人的成年，最新的数据收集浪潮发生在2008年。临床测量的身高和体重，重复的睡眠时间和质量衡量，以及各种各样的社会经济，人口统计学，心理学，心理，心理学指标和健康指标，可补充您的研究健康适合我们的研究议员。我们的分析将采用多种先进的统计技术。例如，为了测试青少年福祉模型（AIM 2），我们将估计一系列结构方程模型，这些模型为我们的理论期望提供了经验测试。 公共卫生相关性：美国青少年的肥胖症患病率和睡眠时间短。促进将改善年轻美国人生活的教育和公共卫生计划和政策的制定，重要的是要了解（a）睡眠方式如何影响跨不同性别，种族/种族/种族/族裔和社会经济群体肥胖的差异，以及（b）肥胖和睡眠如何协调地影响较长的身体和心理狂暴的浪潮，以使整体的数据分析在美国的范围内分析。青春期健康，我们的研究有望在这两个方面取得进展。