The Genetics of Parallel Reproductive Isolation in Stickleback Species Pairs

刺鱼物种对中平行生殖隔离的遗传学

• 批准号: 8139139
• 负责人: Catherine L. Peichel
• 金额: $ 49.19万
• 依托单位: FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-10 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8139139
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Address; Affect; Alleles; Architecture; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Behavioral Genetics; Biological Models; Birds; Body Size; British Columbia; Candidate Disease Gene; Complex; Data Set; Diet; Embryo; Environment; Evolution; Exhibits; Experimental Designs; Feeds; Female; Fishes; Fresh Water; Gasterosteidae; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Variation; Genome; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Growth; Habitats; Height; Human; Hybrids; Individual; Insecta; Invertebrates; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Location; Maps; Marines; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Morphology; Mutation; Natural Selections; Nature; Neural Pathways; Normal Range; Organism; Other Genetics; Partner in relationship; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Phenotype; Plankton; Plants; Population; Population Study; Probability; Quantitative Trait Loci; Reproductive Behavior; Research; Resources; Schedule; Shapes; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; System; Testing; Variant; Vertebrates; Water; base; density; developmental genetics; genome sequencing; interest; male; novel; preference; public health relevance; reproductive; reproductive success; research study; segregation; species difference; theories; tool; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Substantial progress has been made over the last ten years in understanding how natural selection has driven the origin of species. However, we know little about the genetic basis of speciation - the genes that underlie the behavioral, morphological, and other traits that define the reproductive barriers between new species. Progress has been limited by a shortage of study systems that present both an understanding of ecological and evolutionary context and the requisite genomic resources. The young species pairs of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) provide an outstanding opportunity to address fundamental questions concerning the genetics of species origin and persistence in nature. Coexisting 'limnetic' and 'benthic' species have evolved repeatedly in multiple small lakes and show parallel differences in many traits. Mating behaviors such as nesting habitat and mate preferences form the principal barrier to gene flow. Such behaviors are also contingent upon body size, shape, and ecological differences such as habitat, which therefore indirectly influence reproductive isolation. Survival and reproductive success of hybrids likewise depend on this suite of behavioral and morphological traits. The first aim of our proposed research is to investigate the genetic underpinnings of behaviors and morphological traits responsible for reproductive isolation between benthic and limnetic sticklebacks from two lakes (Priest and Paxton) using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Second, we aim to determine whether behavioral traits causing reproductive isolation map to the same genomic regions as the morphological traits known to correlate with mate choice. Our third aim is to detect regions of the genome causing postzygotic isolation by measuring segregation distortion at SNP markers in these pond-raised hybrids compared with that in control embryos made in the laboratory. Finally, we will test whether the same genomic regions control species differences in behavior and morphology between two independently evolved species pairs (in Priest and Paxton Lakes). Importantly, these traits will be measured in controlled outdoor experimental ponds that mimic natural lake habitats and permit the expression of natural behaviors, diets, growth, and reproductive schedules. Since the stickleback has a fully sequenced genome and many other genetic tools available, the mapping experiments proposed here will be the first step in identifying genes that underlie reproductive isolation in natural stickleback populations. In addition, the results are likely to have important implications for understanding the genetic basis of behavioral variation and behavioral disorders in humans because many of the genetic and neural pathways that underlie behaviors are likely to be conserved between fish and humans. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Very little is known about the genes that influence the normal range of phenotypic variation seen in human behaviors and morphologies. Humans and sticklebacks have migrated and adapted to new environments over a similar evolutionary timeframe, and genetic and developmental pathways are conserved amongst vertebrates. Thus, sticklebacks provide an excellent vertebrate model system for studying the genetic architecture of phenotypic variation that has direct relevance to similar studies in humans.

描述（由申请人提供）：过去十年来，在理解自然选择如何驱动物种起源方面取得了实质性进展。然而，我们对物种形成的遗传基础知之甚少，即构成行为、形态和其他特征的基因，这些特征定义了新物种之间的繁殖障碍。由于缺乏既能了解生态和进化背景又缺乏必要的基因组资源的研究系统，进展受到限制。三刺刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus 复合体）的年轻物种对解决有关物种起源遗传学和自然持久性的基本问题提供了绝佳的机会。共存的“湖沼”和“底栖”物种在多个小湖泊中反复进化，并在许多性状上表现出相似的差异。筑巢栖息地和择偶偏好等交配行为构成了基因流动的主要障碍。这些行为还取决于身体大小、形状和栖息地等生态差异，因此间接影响生殖隔离。杂交种的生存和繁殖成功同样取决于这套行为和形态特征。我们提出的研究的第一个目的是利用高密度单核苷酸多态性的数量性状基因座（QTL）作图来调查两个湖泊（Priest 和 Paxton）的底栖和湖沼刺鱼之间生殖隔离的行为和形态特征的遗传基础。 （SNP）阵列。其次，我们的目标是确定导致生殖隔离的行为特征是否与已知与配偶选择相关的形态特征映射到相同的基因组区域。我们的第三个目标是通过测量这些池塘饲养的杂交品种中 SNP 标记与实验室制造的对照胚胎相比的分离扭曲，来检测导致合子分离的基因组区域。最后，我们将测试相同的基因组区域是否控制两个独立进化的物种对（在普里斯特湖和帕克斯顿湖）之间行为和形态的物种差异。重要的是，这些特征将在受控的室外实验池塘中进行测量，这些实验池塘模仿自然湖泊栖息地，并允许表达自然行为、饮食、生长和繁殖时间表。由于刺鱼具有完全测序的基因组和许多其他可用的遗传工具，因此本文提出的作图实验将是识别自然刺鱼种群中生殖隔离的基因的第一步。此外，这些结果可能对理解人类行为变异和行为障碍的遗传基础产生重要影响，因为行为背后的许多遗传和神经通路可能在鱼类和人类之间是保守的。 公共健康相关性：对于影响人类行为和形态中正常表型变异范围的基因，人们知之甚少。人类和刺鱼在相似的进化时间范围内迁徙并适应新的环境，并且遗传和发育途径在脊椎动物中是保守的。因此，刺鱼为研究表型变异的遗传结构提供了一个优秀的脊椎动物模型系统，这与人类的类似研究有直接关系。