Diet and the Adolescent Brain

饮食与青少年大脑

基本信息

批准号：
10705079
负责人：
DAVID C KNIGHT
金额：
$ 18.56万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-15 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10705079
关键词：
Academic achievement Address Adherence Adolescent Adult Affect Age Amygdaloid structure Animal Experimentation Animal Model Anxiety Area Attention Attentional deficit Behavior Behavioral Biological Markers Brain Chemistry Child Child Rearing Chronic Disease Cognition Consumption Data Deterioration Developed Countries Development Diagnosis Diet Dietary Factors Dietary Intervention Education Elderly Emotional Emotions Energy Intake Family Fiber Food Fructose Funding Future Health Food Health behavior Height Hippocampus Hour Human Ice Cream Impairment Intake Intervention Learning Limbic System Link Longitudinal Studies Male Adolescents Measures Mediterranean Diet Memory Mental Depression Middle School Student Neighborhoods Nutrient Nutritional Obesity Omega-3 Fatty Acids Outcome Participant Physical activity Physical aggression Policies Prefrontal Cortex Premature Infant Problem behavior Process Psychosocial Stress Public Health Recommendation Regulation Sampling Science Sleep Sodium Source Structure Students Temperature Weight Youth adolescent brain development behavior change cognitive task cohort data integration density early adolescence eighth grade ethnic diversity fast food food consumption food insecurity fruits and vegetables good diet gray matter gut microbiome improved informant intervention program myelination neural neurochemistry neuroimaging neuroinflammation neuromechanism nutrition preservation randomized, clinical trials response saturated fat seventh grade sixth grade socioeconomics soft drink stool sample stria terminalis sugar sustained attention sweetened beverage trend verbal virtual western diet white matter

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY The quality of children’s diet has deteriorated tremendously over the last decades in the U.S. and other developed countries, with increased intake of unhealthy foods and decreased consumption of healthy foods. The effects of children’s diet on obesity and chronic disease have been well-studied, but recent evidence suggests that children’s diet also affects their behavioral, emotional, and academic functioning. However, little is known about the neural substrates that may underlie these effects. Studies with animal models convincingly demonstrate that ‘Western’ diet – high in saturated fat and added sugars – has a profound negative effects on cognition and behavior through impairments in frontal, limbic, and hippocampal areas of the brain. However, few studies have examined connections between diet and the brain in humans. The relationships between diet, behavior, and academic outcomes are particularly relevant in early adolescence when diet quality typically deteriorates; behavioral, emotional, and academic problems increase; and the brain undergoes rapid development and reorganization that make it more vulnerable to environmental influences. Because virtually nothing is known about the impact of diet on the adolescent brain, this R21 application aims to examine associations between adolescents’ diet and white matter microstructure, neurochemistry, and brain function on tasks related to 1) sustained attention, 2) learning and memory, and 3) emotional and behavioral regulation. We leverage longitudinal, multi-source data collected through the ongoing Adolescent Diet Study, which conducts a full week of daily 24-hour diet recalls and lunch observations on 288 middle school students annually in 6th, 7th, and 8th grade. This R21 project would add a single neuroimaging session, IQ screen, and nutrition biomarkers for a random subset of 80 participants after the 8th grade assessment. Integrated data from both studies will allow us to determine the relationships of intake of saturated fats and added sugars with key aspects of the adolescent brain that underlie behavioral, emotional, and academic functioning – white matter microstructure, neurochemistry, and brain function on tasks of attention, verbal memory, and emotional and behavioral regulation. Better understanding of the connections between diet and the adolescent brain will facilitate more effective public health messaging and nutrition-focused interventions to enhance healthy brain development and improve emotional, behavioral, and academic outcomes of youth.

项目概要过去几十年来，美国和其他国家的儿童饮食质量急剧恶化发达国家，不健康食品的摄入量增加，健康食品的消费量减少儿童饮食对肥胖和慢性疾病的影响已得到充分研究，但最近才进行了深入研究。有证据表明，儿童的饮食也会影响他们的行为、情感和学业功能。然而，我们对动物研究中可能产生这些影响的神经底物知之甚少。模型证明“西方”饮食——富含饱和脂肪和添加糖——具有通过额叶、边缘和脑区的损伤，对认知和行为产生广泛的负面影响然而，很少有研究探讨饮食与大脑海马区之间的联系。饮食、行为和学业成绩之间的关系尤其重要。与青春期早期相关，此时饮食质量通常会恶化；学业问题增加；大脑经历快速发育和重组，使得因为我们对环境的影响几乎一无所知。饮食对青少年大脑的影响，这个 R21 应用程序旨在检查青少年饮食之间的关联饮食和白质微观结构、神经化学和与以下任务相关的大脑功能：1) 持续注意力，2）学习和记忆，3）情绪和行为调节我们利用纵向，通过正在进行的青少年饮食研究收集的多源数据，该研究进行了整整一周的研究每年六、七、七年对288名中学生进行每日24小时饮食回忆和午餐观察八年级。这个 R21 项目将增加一次神经影像学课程、智商筛查和营养课程。八年级评估后随机抽取 80 名参与者的生物标志物。这两项研究将使我们能够确定饱和脂肪和添加糖的摄入量与青少年大脑的行为、情感和学业功能的关键方面—— 白质微观结构、神经化学和大脑功能对注意力、言语记忆、以及情绪和行为调节的更好理解。青少年大脑将促进更有效的公共卫生信息传递和以营养为重点的干预措施促进健康的大脑发育并改善情绪、行为和学业成果青年。