Organics Research Core

有机物研究核心

基本信息

批准号：
7787765
负责人：
RUSS B HAUSER
金额：
$ 6.54万
依托单位：
HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-04-01 至 2014-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7787765
关键词：
1,3-Butadiene Accounting Address Adverse effects Affect Age Air Area Back Behavior Biota Birth Boxing Breathing CYP2E1 gene Cancer Etiology Carcinogens Chemicals Chemistry Child Data Dioxins Dose Endocrine Environment Environmental Exposure Environmental Health Environmental Risk Factor Enzymes Epidemiologic Studies Epoxy Compounds Excision Exposure to Faculty Fertility Fetal Development Follow-Up Studies Food Packaging Gender Genetic Polymorphism Glutathione Goals Health Human Individual Investigation Laboratories Laboratory Study Lead Leadership Life Longevity Metabolism Modeling Mus Occupational Organic Chemicals Outcome Pharmacologic Substance Plastics Polychlorinated Biphenyls Pregnancy Process Production Protocols documentation Puberty Public Health Rattus Reproductive Health Research Research Technics Risk Self Care Signal Transduction Study models System Testing Toxic effect Toxicokinetics Toy Water blood lipid environmental transport flexibility human subject interest member phthalates pollutant receptor sewage treatment uptake volunteer

项目摘要

Under the leadership of Dr. Russ Mauser MD, ScD, MPH, the Organic Pollutants Core brings together faculty with diverse backgrounds and interests to address the health effects of organics across the lifespan, with primary focus on fetal development through puberty. Our core faculty members have developed research that has been critical to addressing the public health impact of organic pollutants. As evidenced below, the core has a special emphasis on modern chemicals such as phthalates and historic chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins. An important, but understudied, area in environmental health sciences is the potential adverse health affects of exposure to modern organic chemicals. Although modern chemistry and the subsequent birth of synthetic chemicals date back many decades, we continue to have a limited understanding of the potential public health impact of these ubiquitous chemicals of modern life. Chemicals are widely used in products of everyday life, such as in plastics to make them soft and flexible, in personal care products to hold scent and as a preservative, and in a variety of building products. They are also used in food packaging and processing materials and a variety of toys and products for babies and young children. Among the 80,000 or so chemicals of modern life, there is a subset that is hormonally active, defined as chemicals that alter endocrine signaling at low levels of exposure. As a result of altered endocrine signaling, there may be adverse effects on reproductive health, specifically fertility, as well as on pregnancy and birth outcomes. Recent studies indicate the presences of a variety of Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in our water. Because there are thousands of PPCPs in common use, it would be impossible to conduct detailed field and laboratory studies on all compounds of potential concern. In order to help prioritize research on PPCPs, we developed a system for quantitatively ranking the environmental risks posed by individual PPCPs. This ranking accounts for gross production, human metabolism, removal by sewage treatment, and toxicity to human and ecological receptors. Using this ranking system, we have identified classes of pharmaceutical compounds of highest potential risk. Interestingly, most of these compounds have never been studied in the environment. In a follow-up study, we modeled the environmental transport and fate of a subset of these compounds using a multi-compartment box model (BETR-NA) that estimates the distribution of PPCPs between air, water, sediment, and uptake by aquatic biota. Similarly, we have identified previously unstudied compounds that may be of concern due to their environmental behavior.

在医学博士、科学博士、公共卫生硕士 Russ Mauser 博士的领导下，有机污染物核心中心汇集了具有不同背景和兴趣的教师，以解决有机物在整个生命周期中对健康的影响，主要关注青春期的胎儿发育。我们的核心教师开展了研究这对于解决有机污染物对公共健康的影响至关重要。如下所示，该核心特别强调邻苯二甲酸盐等现代化学品和多氯联苯和二恶英等历史化学品。环境健康科学中一个重要但尚未充分研究的领域是潜在的不利健康接触现代有机化学品的影响。尽管现代化学和随后的诞生合成化学品的历史可以追溯到几十年前，但我们对其潜力的了解仍然有限这些现代生活中无处不在的化学物质对公共健康的影响。化学品广泛应用于以下产品日常生活中，例如在塑料中使其柔软且有弹性，在个人护理产品中保持气味以及防腐剂以及各种建筑产品。它们还用于食品包装和加工材料以及各种婴幼儿玩具和产品。在80,000种左右的化学品中在现代生活中，有一个子集具有荷尔蒙活性，被定义为改变内分泌信号的化学物质低水平的暴露。由于内分泌信号改变，可能会对生殖产生不利影响健康，特别是生育能力，以及怀孕和出生结果。最近的研究表明存在多种药品和个人护理产品（PPCP）在我们的水中。由于共有数千种 PPCP，因此不可能对所有潜在问题的化合物进行详细的现场和实验室研究。为了帮助确定优先顺序通过对 PPCP 的研究，我们开发了一个对 PPCP 造成的环境风险进行定量排名的系统个别 PPCP。该排名考虑了总生产量、人体新陈代谢、污水去除量治疗以及对人类和生态受体的毒性。使用该排名系统，我们确定了潜在风险最高的药物化合物类别。有趣的是，大多数这些化合物从未在环境中进行过研究。在后续研究中，我们模拟了环境运输和命运使用多室盒模型 (BETR-NA) 对这些化合物的子集进行分析，该模型估计 PPCP 在空气、水、沉积物和水生生物群吸收之间的分布。同样，我们还发现了以前未研究过的化合物，这些化合物可能因其环境行为而受到关注。