Family of Origin Bilingualism and ADRD: An Epidemiologic Study of 377,000 Older Adults in the US

原住民家庭双语和 ADRD：对美国 377,000 名老年人的流行病学研究

• 批准号: 10717888
• 负责人: Benjamin P Chapman
• 金额: $ 38.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2027-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10717888
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Age; Age of Onset; Alzheimer' s disease diagnosis; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer' s disease risk; American; Architecture; Awareness; Back; Biogenesis; Brain; Censuses; Cessation of life; Childhood; Clinical Research; Cognitive; Cohort Studies; Complement; Country; Data; Dementia; Development; Diagnosis; Education; Educational Status; Elderly; Epidemiology; Family; Generations; Health; Home; Household; Immigration; Incidence; Individual; Laboratories; Language; Life; Life course epidemiology; Link; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator; Outcome; Participant; Patients; Population; Prospective, cohort study; Records; Relative Risks; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Risk; Role; Sampling; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status; Talents; Testing; United States Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Update; age group; bilingualism; cognitive ability; cognitive enhancement; cognitive reserve; cognitive testing; cohort; design; disorder risk; epidemiology study; executive function; follow-up; high school; indexing; lens; mortality; prevent; skills; theories

Project Summary/Abstract: Evidence for links between bilingualism and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (ADRD) is mixed and arises from a range of study designs. Few prospective cohort studies exist in the US, where associations between bilingualism and ADRD may be confounded by socioeconomic status (SES) and immigration status. We propose to fill this gap by examining the association between bilingual family of origin and ADRD over 50 years later in Project Talent, a sample of 377,000 individuals representative of the current cohort of older Americans. Project Talent participants completed a comprehensive battery of measures in 1960 when they were in high school (age 13-17), including data on languages spoken in the home, cognitive tests, socioeconomic factors, and parental immigration status. We will extend assessment of family immigration status back to 1950 by linking participant data to the newly released 1950 individual census records. The cohort already has established linkages with the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) and National Death Index (NDI) which we propose to update. This will ascertain ADRD outcomes when the cohort is 76-80, a period of rapid increasingly incidence. We will address three major questions through a life course epidemiology lens. First, has been unclear if bilingualism is associated with ADRD incidence in general, or with age of diagnosis. Our follow-up period allows us to address both questions, which reduce to an issue of shifting relative risks with age. The design also permits us to address another issue that has been largely ignored, competing risk censoring. Second, SES and immigration status may be important confounders of any links. Detailed measurements of both family SES and immigration status will permit us to determine whether one or both of these factors confound any observed associations between family of origin bilingualism and ADRD. As well, adolescent cognitive ability may function as a mediator, explaining a portion of the association. Third, our sample is large enough to explore questions of moderation by language type, and speculations about mediation or moderation by attained education (the latter within a subsample followed up at age 29). In summary, the proposed study would be the largest to date on these questions of which we are aware and features a sample directly relevant to the current generation of US older adults.

项目摘要/摘要：双语与阿尔茨海默病及相关疾病之间联系的证据 疾病（ADRD）是混合的，并且由一系列研究设计引起，目前很少有前瞻性队列研究。 在美国，双语和 ADRD 之间的关联可能会因社会经济地位而混淆 我们建议通过研究双语家庭之间的关联来填补这一空白。 50 多年后，Project Talent 中包含了代表 377,000 名个人的样本 当前一批美国老年人项目参与者完成了一系列全面的措施。 1960 年，他们在高中（13-17 岁）时，包括有关在家中使用的语言、认知能力的数据 我们将扩大对家庭的评估。 通过将参与者数据与新发布的 1950 年个人人口普查联系起来，将移民身份追溯到 1950 年 该群体已经与医疗补助和医疗保险服务中心建立了联系。 （CMS）和国家死亡指数（NDI），我们建议更新这将确定 ADRD 结果。 该群体是 76-80 岁，这是发病率迅速增加的时期。我们将通过以下内容解决三个主要问题。 首先，尚不清楚双语是否与 ADRD 发生率相关。 一般情况下，或诊断年龄，我们的随访期使我们能够解决这两个问题，从而减少了一个问题。 该设计还使我们能够解决另一个一直存在的问题。 其次，社会经济地位和移民身份可能是重要的混淆因素，这一点在很大程度上被忽视了。 家庭社会经济地位和移民身份的详细测量将使我们能够确定。 这些因素中的一个或两个是否混淆了原生家庭双语之间任何观察到的关联 此外，青少年认知能力也可能起到中介作用，解释了部分原因。 第三，我们的样本足够大，可以探索按语言类型进行调节的问题，并且 关于通过所获得的教育进行中介或调节的猜测（后者在子样本中跟进） 29 岁）总而言之，拟议的研究将是迄今为止关于我们正在研究的这些问题的最大规模的研究。 意识到并具有与当代美国老年人直接相关的样本。