Interdisciplinary Research Training in Health and Aging

健康与老龄化跨学科研究培训

• 批准号: 7614458
• 负责人: Howard Hu
• 金额: $ 17.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7614458
• 关键词: Aging; Health; Interdisciplinary Study; Research Training

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Modern increases in the burden of chronic disease at older ages are partly a consequence of increased survival and life expectancy made possible by improvements in lifestyle, environmental conditions and medical treatments that influence longevity. We propose an interdisciplinary training program in public health and aging that will prepare our trainees as researchers in public health science and policy to address the causes and consequences of chronic disease in older people and to develop effective programs and policies. Faculty (n=19) from 10+ disciplines in public health and in medicine with outstanding records in doctoral/postdoctoral mentoring and aging research will participate. We will train 16 doctoral and postdoctoral students who will gain the skills and knowledge needed to apply public health science and policy to the problems of aging and chronic disease. This will be accomplished by core coursework, interdisciplinary monthly seminars, practice internships, and co-mentoring by faculty highly experienced in interdisciplinary research and training. Understanding the trajectories of change in health and function among older adults clearly requires longitudinal perspectives that can capture both cumulative and changing exposures. This implies use of methodological and statistical models that permit modeling of time-dependent covariates and simultaneous competing outcomes. Research in older populations has special methodological and conceptual challenges that are not addressed in standard public health programs. Our training program in chronic disease in older adults will address the following issues: 1.) Risk factors, exposures and disease. The effects of risk factors on chronic disease may be time-dependent (early life or mid life vs. late life) due to changes in biology with age, selective survival, or other cofactors that vary over time and with aging. 2.) Primary prevention of chronic disease in older adults. The evidence that disease can be prevented in older populations by altering primary risk factors. 3.) Prevention of disease progression: 4.) Methods of research in aging adults including practical issues of recruitment, retention and more theoretical issues such as methods to measure frailty, cognitive and functional status and disability. 5.) Models in aging including longitudinal analytic techniques, missing data, time-dependent analyses. 6.) Translation into public health practice and policy. This training program is based on the realization that understanding, preventing and managing the consequences of chronic disease in older people is complex and requires a multi-level approach that integrates clinical, biological and psychosocial factors with health care and health policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：现代老年人慢性病负担的增加部分是由于生活方式、环境条件和影响寿命的医疗方法的改善而导致生存率和预期寿命的增加。我们提出了一项公共卫生和老龄化方面的跨学科培训计划，该计划将使我们的学员成为公共卫生科学和政策研究人员，以解决老年人慢性病的原因和后果，并制定有效的计划和政策。来自公共卫生和医学领域 10 多个学科、在博士/博士后指导和老龄化研究方面拥有出色记录的教师 (n=19) 将参加。我们将培训 16 名博士生和博士后学生，他们将获得将公共卫生科学和政策应用于老龄化和慢性病问题所需的技能和知识。这将通过核心课程、跨学科每月研讨会、实践实习以及在跨学科研究和培训方面经验丰富的教师的共同指导来完成。了解老年人健康和功能变化的轨迹显然需要纵向视角，能够捕捉累积和变化的暴露情况。这意味着使用方法和统计模型，允许对时间相关的协变量和同时竞争的结果进行建模。对老年人群的研究面临着标准公共卫生计划中未解决的特殊方法和概念挑战。我们的老年人慢性病培训计划将解决以下问题： 1.) 风险因素、暴露和疾病。由于生物学随年龄、选择性生存或其他随时间和衰老而变化的辅助因素的变化，危险因素对慢性病的影响可能是时间依赖性的（早年或中年与晚年）。 2.) 老年人慢性病的一级预防。有证据表明，可以通过改变主要危险因素来预防老年人群的疾病。 3.) 预防疾病进展： 4.) 老年人的研究方法，包括招募、保留的实际问题以及更多的理论问题，例如测量虚弱、认知和功能状态以及残疾的方法。 5.) 老化模型，包括纵向分析技术、缺失数据、时间相关分析。 6.) 转化为公共卫生实践和政策。该培训计划基于这样的认识：了解、预防和管理老年人慢性病的后果是复杂的，需要采取多层次的方法，将临床、生物和心理社会因素与医疗保健和卫生政策相结合。