How Does Genetic Ancestry Testing Affect Perceptions of Race?

基因血统测试如何影响种族观念？

• 批准号: 10708193
• 负责人: WENDY D ROTH
• 金额: $ 12.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-21 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10708193
• 关键词: Accent; Affect; Affinity; African American student; Age; Attitude; Awareness; Belief; Biological; Black Populations; Black race; Bone Marrow; Caring; Categories; Characteristics; Classification; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Diagnosis; Economics; Education; Educational Status; Face; Future; Gender; General Population; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genomics; Health; Health Personnel; Healthcare; Hispanic; Human; Immigrant; Individual; Influentials; Interdisciplinary Study; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Legitimacy; Life; Measures; Medical; Not Hispanic or Latino; Nurses; Organizational Culture; Patients; Perception; Persons; Phenotype; Policies; Politics; Protocols documentation; Provider; Proxy; Quality of Care; Race; Race Relations; Reporting; Research; Resource Allocation; Resources; Respondent; Running; Sample Size; Sampling; Scholarship; Shapes; Social Environment; Stimulus; Sum; Surveys; Symptoms; Test Result; Testing; college; essentialism; ethical, legal, and social implication; ethnic identity; ethnoracial; experimental study; genetic information; health care settings; racial difference; racial identity; recruit; response; social; social implication; theories; trait

Project Summary We investigate the relative influence of genetic, phenotypic, and social attributes in shaping how individuals perceive other people's race. We will conduct a conjoint survey experiment with 9,000 non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White (henceforth, Black and White), and Hispanic respondents in the U.S. to assess the power of genetic ancestry test (GAT) results, facial features, social attributes like racial self-identification before and after testing, and the social context to influence the racial classification of others. GATs are one of the most common ways genomic awareness has increased in the public sphere. Many scholars believe GATs will shape individuals' beliefs about race, including beliefs in essential racial differences and that races are genetically determined. Recent research shows that GATs lead some people to change their racial identity based on the reported genetic information. However, we know little about whether those genetically-influenced identity claims are accepted by others or whether information about an individual's genetic ancestry influences how their race is perceived. Increased genomic knowledge may be shifting norms of racial classification. This could have significant social implications ranging from changing patient-provider interactions and assessments in healthcare settings to demographic shifts and identity-based political mobilization. In everyday life, people typically rely on facial features to racially classify others, often using phenotype as a proxy for ancestry. However, we know little about how perception of facial features interacts with information about ancestry, which we will test using photographs of human faces and hypothetical GAT results. In addition, an abundant scholarship has shown that race is shaped by social context. Nevertheless, most studies have been observational and may be afflicted by endogeneity. We will provide rigorous experimental evidence for how social context influences racial classifications: some respondents will be asked to categorize individuals seeking membership in a cultural affinity group; others will be told the individual is applying to college, priming a context of competition for scarce resources; yet others will be told the individual is registering for a bone marrow drive; the remainder will be given a neutral context. Last, our nation-wide survey will sample Black, White, and Hispanic respondents, which will allow us to test how racial perceptions vary across the U.S. and among the nation's largest ethnoracial groups. This project will develop a research protocol and preliminary data for a larger future study focusing on how genomic information shapes healthcare providers' racial perceptions and clinical assessments of patients.

项目概要 我们研究了遗传、表型和社会属性在塑造如何 个人感知其他人的种族。我们将与9000人进行联合调查实验 非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔白人（以下简称黑人和白人）和西班牙裔 美国受访者评估遗传血统测试 (GAT) 结果、面部特征、 社会属性，例如测试前后的种族自我认同，以及测试的社会背景 影响他人的种族分类。 GAT 是基因组学最常见的方法之一 公共领域的认识有所提高。许多学者认为 GAT 将塑造个人的 关于种族的信念，包括对基本种族差异的信念以及种族是由基因决定的 决定。最近的研究表明，GAT 导致一些人改变他们的种族身份 根据报告的遗传信息。然而，我们对这些是否 受遗传影响的身份主张是否被他人接受，或者有关某个人的信息是否被接受 个人的遗传血统影响着人们对他们种族的看法。增加基因组知识 可能正在改变种族分类的规范。这可能会产生重大的社会影响 从改变医疗保健环境中患者与提供者的互动和评估到 人口变化和基于身份的政治动员。在日常生活中，人们通常依赖 根据面部特征对他人进行种族分类，通常使用表型作为血统的代表。 然而，我们对面部特征的感知如何与有关信息相互作用知之甚少。 我们将使用人脸照片和假设的 GAT 结果进行测试。在 此外，大量的学术研究表明，种族是由社会背景决定的。尽管如此， 大多数研究都是观察性的，可能受到内生性的影响。我们将提供 关于社会背景如何影响种族分类的严格实验证据：一些 受访者将被要求对寻求加入文化亲和力的个人进行分类 团体;其他人会被告知该人正在申请大学，从而引发竞争环境 对于稀缺资源；但其他人会被告知该人正在登记骨髓驱动器； 其余的将给予中立的背景。最后，我们的全国性调查将对黑人进行抽样， 白人和西班牙裔受访者，这将使我们能够测试不同种族之间的种族观念有​​何差异 美国以及美国最大的民族群体之一。该项目将开展一项研究 未来更大规模研究的协议和初步数据，重点关注基因组信息如何 塑造医疗保健提供者的种族观念和患者的临床评估。