A matter of scale: Within-host and between-host processes driving coevolution with parasites

规模问题：主机内和主机间进程驱动寄生虫的共同进化

• 批准号: 10754006
• 负责人: Andrea L. Graham
• 金额: $ 0.65万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-26 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10754006
• 关键词: Area; Automobile Driving; Award; Biological; Biology; Cells; Cities; Code; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Communication impairment; Creativeness; Detection; Epidemiologist; Ethnic Origin; Exhibits; Experimental Models; Financial Support; Fostering; France; Funding; Geography; Heterogeneity; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Host Defense; Human; Immune; Immune response; Immune system; Immunologist; Impairment; Infection; Institution; International; Knowledge; Lead; Ligands; Location; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Methods; Minority-Serving Institution; Natural Selections; Parasites; Participant; Play; Population; Postdoctoral Fellow; Process; Productivity; Proliferating; Race; Reproduction; Research; Research Personnel; Science; Scientist; Senior Scientist; Shapes; Testing; Time; Toll-like receptors; Travel; Virulence; Walking; Work; career; cost; empowerment; experience; fitness; graduate student; innovation; insight; lectures; marginalization; mathematical model; molecular scale; outreach; pathogen; posters; racial diversity; receptor binding; socioeconomics; symposium; transmission process

Project Summary Understanding host-parasite coevolution is intrinsically a multi-scale biological problem. This is because host immune systems and the parasites/pathogens that challenge them operate on multiple biological scales. On the molecular scale, host molecules such as the Major Histocompatibility Complex and Toll Like Receptors bind parasite ligands and thereby aid host detection of parasites in the body. On the cellular scale, such detection activates proliferation and differentiation that alters effector function. On the organismal scale, hosts will either live or die, clear or tolerate infections, depending upon the type and magnitude of immune response induced by infection. And on the population scale, the survival and reproduction (and hence the evolutionary fitness) of hosts depend upon how well the host combats infection, while the transmission (and hence the evolutionary fitness) of parasites depends in large part upon how well the parasites evade host defenses. Studying host-parasite coevolution is challenging, not least because of the multiple biological scales at play. Coevolutionary discovery requires that immunologists (who focus mostly on within-host processes) connect and collaborate with epidemiologists (who focus mostly on between-host/transmission processes). Research innovation requires that theoreticians (whose mathematical models propose how within-host processes might drive between-host processes) connect and collaborate with experimentalists (whose experimental models allow tests of within- host and/or between-host hypotheses). The upcoming Jacques Monod Conference on host- parasite coevolution, to be held in Roscoff, France, in October 2023, will foster such exchanges. The conference – and coevolutionary discovery more generally – would benefit hugely from the exchange of ideas, hypotheses, methods, and synthesis amongst a diverse group of scientists reflecting human diversity. We propose to selectively support travel and subsistence of trainees (postdoctoral scholars and graduate students) representing backgrounds that have been historically marginalized. This proposal would foster their participation in an especially interactive, productive, and generative international conference in host-parasite coevolution.

项目摘要 理解宿主 - 寄生虫的进化是本质上的多尺度生物学问题 因为宿主免疫系统和挑战它们的寄生虫/病原体/病原体在 多个生物量表。 组织相容性复合物和像受体一样的收费结合寄生虫配体，从而帮助宿主 在细胞尺度上检测体内的寄生虫。 和区分效应子在生物范围内，宿主要么活着或 死亡，清晰或耐受感染，具体取决于免疫反应的类型和幅度 通过感染和人口量表，生存和繁殖（因此 宿主的进化适应性）取决于宿主对抗感染的效果，而你 寄生虫的传播（和Hense的进化适应性）在很大程度上取决于 好吧，寄生虫逃避了寄主防御。 研究宿主 - 寄生虫协同进化很具有挑战性，尤其是因为多重生物学 在发挥作用的鳞片。 主机内流程）与流行病学家建立联系并合作（主要关注 主持人/传播过程）。 数学模型提出Howi Thin-Host过程可能会驱动主机之间的过程） 与实验者建立联系并合作（其实验模型允许测试内部 主持人和/或主持人之间的假设） 寄生虫共同进化将于2023年10月在法国罗斯科夫举行，将促进这种交流。 会议 - 更广泛地共同进化发现 - 从您那里受益匪浅 多样的科学家群体之间的思想，假设，方法和综合的交流 反映人类的多样性。 （博士后学校和研究生）代表了Haten的背景 从历史上看 宿主 - 寄生虫共同进化中的互动，富有成效和生成的国际会议。